Opinion
April 10, 1946.
July 19, 1946.
Appeals — Justices of the peace — Bail — Payment of costs — Time — Appeal nunc pro tunc — Discretion of court below — Acts of March 20, 1810, P.L. 208, 5 Sm. L. 161 and March 20, 1845, P.L. 188.
1. An appeal from a judgment of a justice of the peace will be quashed where the appellant, who has given bail absolute in double the probable amount of costs accrued and likely to accrue, as provided by the Act of March 20, 1845, P.L. 188, fails to perfect his appeal by payment of the justice's costs within the time prescribed for appeal by the Act of March 20, 1810, P.L. 208, 5 Sm. L. 161.
2. The court has discretionary power to allow the defendant to perfect his appeal nunc pro tunc, but in order to justify the exercise of discretion there must be something more than mere hardship or lack of diligence; there must be fraud or its equivalent.
Before BALDRIGE, P.J., RHODES, HIRT, RENO, DITHRICH, ROSS and ARNOLD, JJ.
Appeal, No. 97, April T., 1946, from order of C.P., Erie Co., May T., 1945, No. 315, in case of Clyde Dougherty v. Carl Greggs. Order affirmed.
Appeal from judgment of justice of peace.
Order entered quashing appeal, opinion by EVANS, P.J. Defendant appealed.
A. Grant Walker, with him Gunnison, Fish, Gifford Chapin, for appellant.
John A. Spaeder, with him Ritchie T. Marsh and Marsh, Spaeder, Baur Marsh, for appellee.
Argued April 10, 1946.
The appellant was the defendant in an action of trespass before a justice of the peace from whose judgment he appealed to the court of common pleas. He has appealed to this court from the order of the court below quashing his appeal and refusing his motion to perfect the appeal. The single question involved is whether the appeal to the court of common pleas was perfected within the statutory period of twenty days after judgment.
The plaintiff sued in trespass to recover damages sustained in an automobile collision. The justice of the peace entered judgment for the plaintiff in the amount of $254.30 on March 12, 1945. On March 23, 1945, the defendant filed an affidavit on appeal together with a bond in the amount of $50.00 conditioned for the payment of all costs that had accrued or that might accrue. The transcript, filed in the court below, shows the costs accrued on that date amounted to $8.00 and defendant paid only $1.00, which was the fee for the transcript and certificate. A receipt is attached to the transcript acknowledging payment of $7.00, the balance of the costs, on April 14, 1945. On April 9, 1945, plaintiff moved to quash the appeal. The learned court granted the motion, holding that the appellant had not complied with statutory requirements.
Appeals from the judgments of aldermen and justices of the peace are governed by the Act of March 20, 1810, P.L. 208, 5 Sm. L. 161, § 4, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 662, which provides that either party has the right to appeal ". . . within twenty days after judgment . . ." Two methods of appeal were open to the defendant. He could have paid the justice's costs, and given bail absolute in double the probable amount of costs accrued and likely to accrue as provided by the Act of March 20, 1845, P.L. 188, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 921, or he could have given bail absolute for the payment of debt, interest, and costs that had accrued and would accrue on affirmance of the judgment, in which event he would not be required to pay any costs before taking the appeal. (1885 June 24 P.L. 159, § 1; 1907 May 29 P.L. 306, § 1, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 928) But as stated in Lentz v. Kittanning Real Estate Company, 72 Pa. Super. 513, 517: "Unfortunately for the defendant in this case, it adopted neither course. Had there been merely some defect in the form or execution of the recognizance or bond on appeal, under the practice since Means v. Trout, 16 S. R. 349, it would have been the duty of the court below to give the appellant reasonable opportunity to perfect the recognizance or bond before striking off the appeal: Koenig v. Bauer, 57 Pa. 168; Kerr v. Martin, 122 Pa. 436; Carbaugh v. Sanders, 13 Pa. Super. 361. But the bond filed by the defendant was in substantial conformity with the requirements of the Act of March 20, 1845 P.L. 188. The defendant neglected, however, to pay the costs, which was necessary to perfect the appeal if bail for the payment of costs only was entered. This was an incurable defect: Carr v. McGovern, 66 Pa. 457; and requires the striking off of the appeal: Carbaugh v. Sanders, 13 Pa. Super. 361." (Italics supplied.)
And in New Castle Metal Products Company v. Campbell, 131 Pa. Super. 367, 369, 200 A. 118, we held that: "An appeal will be quashed where the appellant has failed to comply with another statutory requirement necessary in order to sustain an appeal, viz., the payment of all costs accrued (citing cases) unless the appeal is taken under the proviso of the Act of May 29, 1907, P.L. 306, and the appellant gives `bail absolute for the payment of debt, interest and costs that have and will accrue on the affirmance of the judgment,' in which case, `the appellant shall not be required to pay any costs before taking an appeal': Lentz v. Kittanning Real Est. Co., supra."
Appellant in the instant case apparently intended to adopt the former method, for his bond in the amount of $50.00 was sufficient to cover costs likely to accrue, but unfortunately he neglected to perfect his appeal, within the statutory period of twenty days after judgment, by paying to the justice of the peace the costs already accrued.
He urges upon us, however, that it was within the court's discretion to allow him to perfect his appeal nunc pro tunc. It is true that the court below had such discretionary power: A.J. Kutz Son v. Skinner, 7 Pa. Super. 346, 348. But in order to justify the exercise of discretion, there must be something more than mere hardship or lack of diligence; there must be fraud or its equivalent: Higgins v. The Educators, 147 Pa. Super. 400, 403, 24 A.2d 19. In Adelman, Trustee, v. John McShain, Inc., 148 Pa. Super. 138, 24 A.2d 703, we held that the court below was guilty of an abuse of discretion in permitting an appeal nunc pro tunc from judgment entered in a magistrate's court. We there said, speaking through RHODES, J., p. 142: "There can be no extension of time for taking such an appeal as in the present case as a matter of indulgence, nor can the law fixing the period within which such an appeal shall be taken be arbitrarily overridden. . . . We fail to find anything in the record proper which would justify the court below in allowing an appeal nunc pro tunc. In doing so there was a clear abuse of discretion; for this reason we are constrained to refuse the order." In the instant case, appellant having failed to pay the costs within the statutory period and no substantial reason appearing for his failure so to do, the learned court below was not called upon to exercise its power of discretion in the matter. It had no alternative but to quash the appeal.
The order is affirmed.