Summary
holding that “UCC 2–715 specifically states that [c]onsequential damages resulting from the seller's breach include ... injury to person or property proximately resulting from any breach of warranty. Thus, it is clear that consequential damages resulting from the seller's breach include ... injury to person or property proximately resulting from any breach of warranty. Thus, it is clear that consequential damages under the UCC include personal injury to a buyer proximately resulting from a seller's breach of warranty.” (alteration in original)
Summary of this case from Badilla v. Wal-Mart Stores E. Inc.Opinion
October 10, 1985.
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Schenectady County, Loren N. Brown, J.
Maynard, O'Connor Smith ( Richard M. Gershon of counsel), for appellant.
Parisi, De Lorenzo, Gordon, Pasquariello Weiskopf, P.C. ( Edward D. Falso and Richard H. Weiskopf of counsel), for respondents.
In June of 1969, plaintiff Ernesto Di Prospero (hereinafter plaintiff) purchased a 1969 Ford automobile from defendant. On August 15, 1970, plaintiff was involved in an accident while operating the vehicle, allegedly sustaining serious physical injury and property damage. In October 1972, plaintiff, directly, and his wife, derivatively, commenced an action against defendant alleging breach of express and implied warranties. Defendant impleaded Ford Motor Company and plaintiffs then sued Ford under the same warranty cause of action. Defendant moved at Special Term for partial summary judgment seeking to limit plaintiffs' damages to property damage resulting from the
Ford Motor Company obtained summary judgment dismissing the complaint as to it on the ground that plaintiffs' breach of warranty action could not be maintained due to the lack of privity between plaintiffs and Ford. This court affirmed Special Term ( Di Prospero v. Ford Motor Co., 87 A.D.2d 697). Defendant's claim against Ford, however, remains viable ( Di Prospero v. Ford Motor Co., 105 A.D.2d 479).
accident. Special Term denied defendant's motion. This appeal ensued. We affirm.
The sole issue raised on this appeal is whether a party may recover damages for personal injuries when the only cause of action alleges a breach of warranty under the UCC. Defendant contends that plaintiffs' action for breach of warranty is essentially one for breach of contract and that UCC remedies should not be applied to personal injury damages which sound in tort. We disagree. UCC 2-715 (2) specifically states that
"[c]onsequential damages resulting from the seller's breach include * * *
"(b) injury to person or property proximately resulting from any breach of warranty" (emphasis supplied).
Thus, it is clear that consequential damages under the UCC include personal injury to a buyer proximately resulting from a seller's breach of warranty ( see, McCarthy v. Bristol Labs., 61 A.D.2d 196, 200; White and Summers, Uniform Commercial Code §§ 10-4, 11-8, at 396-397, 413-414 [2d ed]). Defendant's reliance on Martin v. Dierck Equip. Co. ( 43 N.Y.2d 583) to support its contention that personal injury damages are not recoverable in a warranty cause of action under the UCC is misplaced. Martin essentially recognized that when a plaintiff is not in privity with the seller of the product allegedly causing the injuries sustained, he possesses a cause of action in negligence or strict liability in tort, as opposed to what has been labeled breach of warranty ( see, supra, at pp 589-590). Martin also holds that there is no need to recognize an action on implied warranty for personal injuries in a nonprivity situation since strict tort liability enables the injured party to seek redress from any party in the chain of marketable distribution, regardless of the privity requirement ( see also, Heller v. U.S. Suzuki Motor Corp., 64 N.Y.2d 407, 411).
However, it does not follow that merely because a cause of action exists under strict product liability in tort, a separate cause of action under the warranty provisions of the UCC is precluded. In fact, the Court of Appeals has stated that "[a] consumer who acts within three years of the accident or four years from the date of sale * * * may now maintain causes of action in New York to recover against both immediate and remote parties based on express or implied warranty, negligence or strict products liability" ( Heller v. U.S. Suzuki Motor Corp., supra, at p 412; see also, Voss v. Black Decker Mfg. Co., 59 N.Y.2d 102, 106). Further, defendant's reliance upon contractual principles as a basis for limiting personal injury damages is inapposite since a party is relegated solely to contractual remedies only when the injury can be characterized as purely "economic loss" ( see, Antel Oldsmobile-Cadillac v. Sirus Leasing Co., 101 A.D.2d 688, 689). Accordingly, since privity exists between the parties herein, partial summary judgment was properly denied.
KANE, CASEY, WEISS and LEVINE, JJ., concur.
Order affirmed, with costs.