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In Monica, the Third Department held that the agency status of the servicer and the servicer's routine reliance upon the records in its business, qualified the servicer's records as business records.
Summary of this case from Goldman Sachs Mortg. Co. v. MaresOpinion
2015-08-6
DEUTSCHE BANK NATIONAL TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee (Not in its Individual Capacity but Solely as Trustee) in Trust for Registered Holders of VCM Series 2009–1, Respondent, v. Timothy MONICA, also Known as Timothy I. Monica, et al., Appellants, et al., Defendants.
Law Offices of Ronald J. Kim, P.C., Saratoga Springs (Ronald J. Kim of counsel), for appellants. Doonan, Graves & Longoria, LLC, Beverly, Massachusetts (Stephen M. Valente of counsel), for respondent.
Law Offices of Ronald J. Kim, P.C., Saratoga Springs (Ronald J. Kim of counsel), for appellants. Doonan, Graves & Longoria, LLC, Beverly, Massachusetts (Stephen M. Valente of counsel), for respondent.
Before: GARRY, J.P., EGAN JR., ROSE and LYNCH, JJ.
LYNCH, J.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Chauvin, J.), entered February 13, 2013 in Saratoga County, which, among other things, granted plaintiff's motion for summary judgment.
In 2006, defendants Timothy Monica and Kathy Monica (hereinafter collectively referred to as defendants) executed a note in favor of American Home Mortgage Acceptance, Inc. (hereinafter AHMA) that was secured by a mortgage on real property located in Saratoga County. For recording purposes, the mortgage names Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (hereinafter MERS) as nominee and mortgagee. MERS assigned the mortgage to plaintiff in 2009. Plaintiff then commenced the instant foreclosure action in 2011, four years after defendants defaulted on the loan.
Following joinder of issue, plaintiff moved for summary judgment striking defendants' answer and appointing a referee to compute the amount owed. Defendants cross-moved for, among other things, summary judgment dismissing the complaint against them for lack of standing. Supreme Court granted plaintiff's motion and denied defendants' cross motion. Defendants appeal.
The record shows that two prior foreclosure actions were voluntarily discontinued.
“In a foreclosure action, a [plaintiff] producing evidence of the mortgage, unpaid note and the mortgagor's default will be entitled to summary judgment” (HSBC Bank USA, N.A. v. Sage, 112 A.D.3d 1126, 1127, 977 N.Y.S.2d 446 [2013], lvs. dismissed22 N.Y.3d 1172, 985 N.Y.S.2d 472, 8 N.E.3d 849 [2014], 23 N.Y.3d 1015 [2014], 992 N.Y.S.2d 774, 16 N.E.3d 1253 [citations omitted]; see PHH Mtge. Corp. v. Davis, 111 A.D.3d 1110, 1111, 975 N.Y.S.2d 480 [2013], lv. dismissed23 N.Y.3d 940, 987 N.Y.S.2d 593, 10 N.E.3d 1148 [2014] ). “Where, as here, the issue of standing is raised as an affirmative defense, the plaintiff must also prove its standing in order to be entitled to relief” (Wells Fargo Bank, NA v. Ostiguy, 127 A.D.3d 1375, 1376, 8 N.Y.S.3d 669 [2015] [citations omitted]; see Nationstar Mtge., LLC v. Catizone, 127 A.D.3d 1151, 1152, 9 N.Y.S.3d 315 [2015] ). Standing in a mortgage foreclosure action is established by proof that the plaintiff, at the time the action was commenced, was the holder or assignee of the mortgage and the holder or assignee of the underlying note ( see Chase Home Fin., LLC v. Miciotta, 101 A.D.3d 1307, 1307, 956 N.Y.S.2d 271 [2012]; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Wine, 90 A.D.3d 1216, 1217, 935 N.Y.S.2d 664 [2011] ). That said, the note, and not the mortgage, is the dispositive instrument that conveys standing to foreclose under New York law ( see Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v. Taylor, 25 N.Y.3d 355, 361–362, 12 N.Y.S.3d 612, 34 N.E.3d 363 [2015] ).
Here, plaintiff produced the mortgage, the unpaid note, the notice of default that was sent to defendants by Acqura Loan Services—plaintiff's loan servicing company—and an affidavit by Doug Battin, a senior vice-president of Acqura, who confirmed defendants' default. While this documentation was sufficient to satisfy plaintiff's entitlement to an award of summary judgment, the core question here is whether plaintiff proved that it has standing to obtain such relief. There is no dispute that plaintiff received an assignment of the mortgage through MERS, but the assignee of only a mortgage has no standing ( see Bank of Am., N.A. v. Paulsen, 125 A.D.3d 909, 911, 6 N.Y.S.3d 68 [2015]; Citibank, N.A. v. Herman, 125 A.D.3d 587, 588, 3 N.Y.S.3d 379 [2015] ). Here, plaintiff maintains that it has standing through its physical possession of the note at the time that the action was commenced. Since the note has only an undated indorsement in blank from the original lender, it does not evidence plaintiff's possessory interest ( see Bank of Am., N.A. v. Kyle, 129 A.D.3d 1168, 1169, 13 N.Y.S.3d 253 [2015] ). To establish physical possession, plaintiff produced the affidavit of Battin and another Acqura employee recounting that Acqura acquired the underlying loan documentation from plaintiff in June 2009, imaged the documentation into its own records system and returned the original documentation to plaintiff. Based on this documentation, Battin averred that the note was transferred to plaintiff “by way of an allonge and/or endorsement.”
Defendants dispute the admissibility of Battin's affidavit on the ground that the business records about which he attested were neither made in Acqura's regular course of business nor within his personal knowledge. While “the mere filing of papers received from other entities, even if they are retained in the regular course of business, is insufficient to qualify the documents as business records” (People v. Cratsley, 86 N.Y.2d 81, 90, 629 N.Y.S.2d 992, 653 N.E.2d 1162 [1995] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted] ), such records are nonetheless admissible “if the recipient can establish personal knowledge of the maker's business practices and procedures, or that the records provided by the maker were incorporated into the recipient's own records or routinely relied upon the recipient in its business” ( State of New York v. 158th St. & Riverside Dr. Hous. Co., Inc., 100 A.D.3d 1293, 1296, 956 N.Y.S.2d 196 [2012], lv. denied20 N.Y.3d 858, 2013 WL 452396 [2013] ). To be admissible, these documents should carry the indicia of reliability ordinarily associated with business records ( see People v. Cratsley, 86 N.Y.2d at 91, 629 N.Y.S.2d 992, 653 N.E.2d 1162; One Step Up, Ltd. v. Webster Bus. Credit Corp., 87 A.D.3d 1, 11, 925 N.Y.S.2d 61 [2011]; Corsi v. Town of Bedford, 58 A.D.3d 225, 231–232, 868 N.Y.S.2d 258 [2008], lv. denied12 N.Y.3d 714, 2009 WL 1770158 [2009] ). Given Acqura's agency status as servicer of the loan for plaintiff, we agree with plaintiff that the Acqura records qualify as business records ( seeCPLR 4518[a]; People v. Cratsley, 86 N.Y.2d at 90, 629 N.Y.S.2d 992, 653 N.E.2d 1162; Merrill Lynch Bus. Fin. Servs. Inc. v. Trataros Constr., Inc., 30 A.D.3d 336, 337, 819 N.Y.S.2d 223 [2006], lv. denied7 N.Y.3d 715, 826 N.Y.S.2d 180, 859 N.E.2d 920 [2006] ).
“[W]here [a] plaintiff possesses a note that, on its face or by allonge, contains an indorsement in blank or bears special indorsement payable to the order of the plaintiff,” such party is a holder of the note and entitled to enforce the instrument (Wells Fargo Bank, NA v. Ostiguy, 127 A.D.3d at 1376, 8 N.Y.S.3d 669; see Nationstar Mtge., LLC v. Davidson, 116 A.D.3d 1294, 1296, 983 N.Y.S.2d 705 [2014], lv. denied24 N.Y.3d 905, 2014 WL 4637016 [2014]; see also Hartford Acc. & Indem. Co. v. American Express Co., 74 N.Y.2d 153, 159, 544 N.Y.S.2d 573, 542 N.E.2d 1090 [1989] ). Here, Battin's affidavit established that, prior to the commencement of the action, plaintiff possessed the underlying note indorsed in blank by AHMA ( compare Bank of Am., N.A. v. Kyle, 129 A.D.3d at 1169, 13 N.Y.S.3d 253). Defendants, in turn, have failed to raise any question of fact as to whether plaintiff continued to retain possession. As such, we conclude that Supreme Court properly found that plaintiff had standing to bring the instant foreclosure action ( see Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v. Taylor, 25 N.Y.3d at 361–362, 12 N.Y.S.3d 612, 34 N.E.3d 363; Nationstar Mtge., LLC v. Davidson, 116 A.D.3d at 1296, 983 N.Y.S.2d 705; HSBC Bank USA, N.A. v. Sage, 112 A.D.3d at 1127–1128, 977 N.Y.S.2d 446).
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
GARRY, J.P., EGAN JR. and ROSE, JJ., concur.