From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research

Dennis v. State

Supreme Court of Georgia
May 7, 1970
226 Ga. 341 (Ga. 1970)

Summary

In Dennis v. State, 226 Ga. 341 (175 S.E.2d 17) the Supreme Court, while holding a similar statute in regard to weight limitations upon the highway constitutional, has held that the operator of the vehicle does not forego his constitutional protection against self-incrimination. At page 343 we find the following: "He merely breaches the condition upon which his right to operate the motor vehicle is predicated and the right can be terminated for a period of not more than 90 days. This does not violate his constitutional protection against self-incrimination."

Summary of this case from Johnson v. State

Opinion

25743.

ARGUED APRIL 13, 1970.

DECIDED MAY 7, 1970.

Operating overweight vehicle; constitutional question. Bibb State Court. Before Judge Phillips.

Gerald S. Mullis, S. Phillip Brown, for appellant.

Clarence H. Clay, Jr., Solicitor, James M. Wootan, for appellee.


The appellant was convicted of operating an overweight vehicle upon a public highway. The evidence shows that the appellant had complied with the direction of a state employee to drive his truck upon scales from which it was determined that the vehicle was overweight. The appellant contends that the evidence of overweight obtained by requiring him to drive upon the scales should have been excluded at his trial upon his objection that this was self-incrimination. Although he did not refuse to drive his truck upon the scales, he contends that he was coerced into complying by the Acts of 1968, p. 193, § 1, which added a new section number 1B to the previous law. The new section provides:

"Any law enforcement official or employee of the State Highway Department authorized to enforce the provisions of this Act who observes a motor vehicle being operated upon a public road or highway of the State and who has reason to believe that the size of the vehicle or the weight and load is unlawful, is authorized to weigh and measure same. If the operator of said vehicle shall refuse to stop or to drive the vehicle upon the scales as directed by said law enforcement official or employee of the State Highway Department his driver's license shall be suspended for a period of not more than ninety (90) days by the Department of Public Safety if the State Highway Department shall so request. Each person who shall apply for a Georgia driver's license, or for a renewal of same, hereby consents to drive the vehicle he shall be driving at any time upon scales whenever ordered by a law enforcement official or authorized employee of the State Highway Department." Code Ann. § 68-406.3.

The appellant also asserted in the trial court and asserts here that Ga. L. 1968, p. 193 ( Code Ann. § 68-406.3) is unconstitutional. He further complains that he was not advised of his constitutional rights under Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 ( 84 S.C. 1758, 12 L.Ed.2d 977), and Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 473 ( 86 S.C. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, 10 ALR3d 974), before driving on the scales. Held:

1. The State has the authority under its police powers to enact reasonable laws regulating the use and operation of motor vehicles upon the public highways. Such laws are absolutely essential for the safety of the general public and the protection of public property. Consequently the right to operate a motor vehicle is a qualified right and before one may operate a vehicle upon the highways, he must obtain a license from the State. Ga. L. 1937, pp. 322, 341; 1939, pp. 135, 142; 1961, pp. 136, 137 ( Code Ann. § 92A-9904). The State may impose reasonable conditions upon the issuance of such license. The condition being attacked here requires the operator of a motor vehicle to drive it upon scales to ascertain whether it is within the weight limitations established by the State. The right of the State to establish weight limitations is not challenged. Obviously the State may control the weight of vehicles upon its highways. It necessarily follows then that the State may attach reasonable conditions to the right to operate a motor vehicle upon the highways to assure compliance with the weight limitations. Such is the law here. It is a reasonable requirement. Without it, enforcement of weight limitations would be impracticable. The operator is not compelled to drive his vehicle upon the scales. There is no penalty if he refuses. He merely breaches the condition upon which his right to operate the motor vehicle is predicated and the right can be terminated for a period of not more than 90 days. This does not violate his constitutional protection against self-incrimination. He may elect to refuse to drive upon the scales. See Aldrich v. State, 220 Ga. 132 ( 137 S.E.2d 463); and Hackney v. State, 223 Ga. 802 ( 158 S.E.2d 239); Schutt v. Macduff, 205 Misc. 431 ( 127 N.Y.S.2d 116). The fact that such refusal may result in a forfeiture of his right to operate a motor vehicle is not a penalty or such coercion as compels the operator to forego his constitutional protection against self-incrimination. It does not bar him from exercising his constitutional rights. We hold that the statute is constitutional. The appellant voluntarily elected to drive his vehicle upon the scales and knowingly waived his constitutional protection against self-incrimination.

2. The warnings required by the Escobedo and Miranda cases, supra, are applicable to "in-custody" interrogations. The evidence obtained here was not a result of an "in-custody" interrogation, and the appellant was not entitled to the warnings prescribed by the Escobedo and Miranda cases. We decline to follow the ruling in Sark v. State, 118 Ga. App. 529 ( 164 S.E.2d 266).

Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur, except Nichols, J., who dissents.

ARGUED APRIL 13, 1970 — DECIDED MAY 7, 1970.


Summaries of

Dennis v. State

Supreme Court of Georgia
May 7, 1970
226 Ga. 341 (Ga. 1970)

In Dennis v. State, 226 Ga. 341 (175 S.E.2d 17) the Supreme Court, while holding a similar statute in regard to weight limitations upon the highway constitutional, has held that the operator of the vehicle does not forego his constitutional protection against self-incrimination. At page 343 we find the following: "He merely breaches the condition upon which his right to operate the motor vehicle is predicated and the right can be terminated for a period of not more than 90 days. This does not violate his constitutional protection against self-incrimination."

Summary of this case from Johnson v. State
Case details for

Dennis v. State

Case Details

Full title:DENNIS v. THE STATE

Court:Supreme Court of Georgia

Date published: May 7, 1970

Citations

226 Ga. 341 (Ga. 1970)
175 S.E.2d 17

Citing Cases

Johnson v. State

See Saffold v. State, 11 Ga. App. 329 ( 75 S.E. 338). In Dennis v. State, 226 Ga. 341 ( 175 S.E.2d 17) the…

Elliott v. State

Our opinion in Aldrich, 220 Ga. at 134-135, 137 S.E.2d 463, reaffirmed that the 1945 Constitution, which…