Summary
In Davis v. State, 225 Md. 45, 46, 168 A.2d 884, 885 (1961), we again made reference to the subjective approach in noting that "[i]t is enough if it is shown... that the gun was used in a threatening fashion" [citing Hayes, supra].
Summary of this case from Brooks v. StateOpinion
[No. 194, September Term, 1960.]
Decided April 5, 1961.
ROBBERY WITH DEADLY WEAPON — Not Necessary To Show That Weapon Used Was Loaded Or Deadly. It is not necessary for the State in a robbery case, in order to make out a prima facie case of robbery with a dangerous or deadly weapon to show that the gun used was loaded or a deadly or dangerous weapon. It is enough if it is shown, as it was in the instant case, that the gun was used in a threatening fashion. pp. 46-47
CRIMINAL LAW — Evidence — Probability Of Connection With Crime, Enough To Make It Admissible — Rule Applied In Robbery Case. The probability of connection of proffered evidence with the crime is enough to make it admissible, its weight being for the triers of fact to evaluate. Rule applied in a robbery with deadly weapon case to bullets found in the pockets of one of the defendants. p. 47
Decided April 5, 1961.
Appeals from the Criminal Court of Baltimore (BYRNES, J.).
Donald Davis and James J.C. Tiller were convicted of robbery with a deadly weapon and they appealed.
Judgments affirmed.
The cause was argued before BRUNE, C.J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND, PRESCOTT and HORNEY, JJ.
George L. Russell, Jr., with whom were Benjamin L. Brown and Brown, Allen Watts on the brief, for appellants.
William J. McCarthy, Assistant Attorney General, with whom were Thomas B. Finan, Attorney General, Saul A. Harris and Julius A. Romano, State's Attorney and Assistant State's Attorney for Baltimore City, respectively, on the brief, for appellee.
Appellants, after their motions for directed verdicts were denied, were convicted by a jury of robbery with a dangerous or deadly weapon. They urge in this Court that the State did not show that the weapon used was "either dangerous or deadly" and that it was prejudicial error to admit in evidence two bullets found in the pocket of one of the appellants.
The testimony was that two men wearing masks entered a drug store in Northwest Baltimore and took bills, checks and coins from the cash register at the point of a gun. The druggist said one of the men came around the counter "and put a gun in my face." The druggist's daughter saw only one man "and he had a gun." The record is replete with references to the gun and leaves no doubt that the druggist and his daughter were put in fear and coerced into delivering the stolen property by the threat of the use of the gun. The appellants were apprehended a few minutes after the robbery, near the scene. They fled when the police approached. Each had some of the stolen money on his person. Each admitted in a statement to the police acting as a lookout in the robbery but denied being in the store, claiming that two other men had gone in.
It is not necessary for the State, in order to make out a prima facie case of robbery with a dangerous or deadly weapon, to show that the gun used was loaded. Vincent v. State, 220 Md. 232, 236. It is enough if it is shown, as it was in the case before us, that the gun was employed in a threatening fashion. Hayes v. State, 211 Md. 111, 115. There was no suggestion at the trial of the case that the witnesses in testifying as to the use of a gun were not referring to an ordinary real gun. No point was made that the gun might have been a toy. We think it clear that since the appellants made no effort to rebut the prima facie proof that the weapon used in the robbery was dangerous or deadly, the jury properly could have found that it was. Hayes v. State; Vincent v. State, both cited above. Cf. Lipscomb v. State, (Wis.), 109 N.W. 986, 988 (cited in the Hayes case).
There was no error in the admission into evidence of the bullets found in the pocket of one of the appellants. We have held consistently that a probability of connection of proffered evidence with the crime is enough to make it admissible, its weight being for the trier of fact to evaluate. Braxton v. State, 214 Md. 370, 373; Daniels v. State, 213 Md. 90, 100.
Appellants' contention that the evidence, apart from the gun, was not sufficient to sustain the conviction, was not seriously pressed and, in any event, is unsubstantial.
Judgments affirmed.