Opinion
A99A0575.
DECIDED: JUNE 29, 1999.
Year's support. Richmond Superior Court. Before Judge Overstreet.
Timothy S. Mirshak, for appellants.
Burnside, Wall, Daniel, Ellison Revell, Harry D. Revell, Johnston, Wilkin Williams, Wendell E. Johnston, Jr., William J. Williams, for appellee.
Rebecca Ferguson, the executrix of Barnie Hawkins' estate, reached an agreement with Hazel Hawkins, the decedent's widow, to settle her claim for a year's support. Ferguson then petitioned the Superior Court of Richmond County for approval of the agreement. The trial court approved the agreement, and Carol Davis and Robert Hawkins, two beneficiaries under the will, appeal. We affirm.
Rebecca Ferguson, Carol Davis, Robert Hawkins and Russell Hawkins are the four adult children of the decedent. Russell Hawkins is not a party to this appeal.
In October 1997, Barnie Hawkins died testate. According to the terms of his will, he bequeathed his house to his widow "for the remainder of her life or until she remarries." The remainder of the decedent's property was left to his four children. Ferguson was appointed executrix under the will.
On April 3, 1998, the widow filed a petition for a year's support. The executrix and Russell Hawkins filed a caveat alleging, inter alia, that the claim for year's support was excessive. Russell Hawkins filed a second caveat with Davis requesting that the year's support petition be denied. On June 10, 1998, the probate judge dismissed the petition, and the widow appealed to superior court.
Russell Hawkins is referred to as Wayne Hawkins in the caveat.
While the appeal was pending, the executrix and widow reached an agreement compromising the widow's claim for a year's support. The agreement called for the estate to sell the children's remainder interest in the real property to the widow for a sum of $20,000 so that the widow would own the estate in fee simple rather than having a qualified life interest in the estate. Following a hearing at which the executrix, the widow, Carol Davis and Russell Hawkins testified, the superior court approved the agreement.
1. Appellants assert that the executrix lacked the authority to compromise the year's support claim over the objections of beneficiaries. This assertion lacks merit. Pursuant to OCGA § 53-7-45, the executrix is "authorized to compromise, adjust, arbitrate, assign, sue or defend, abandon, or otherwise deal with or settle debts or claims in favor of or against the estate." A claim for a year's support is a claim against the estate. OCGA § 53-5-1 et seq. Thus, the executrix clearly had statutory authority to settle the claim.
This code section, which became effective January 1, 1998, replaced OCGA § 53-7-107. Because OCGA § 53-7-45 does not impair the parties' vested rights of title, year's support, succession, or inheritance, we apply the new law. For more details, see the Editor's notes at the beginning of chapter 7 of Title 53.
Effective January 1, 1998, the year's support provisions are set out in 53-3-1 et seq. We refer to the previous statute because it is the decedent's date of death that governs the law applicable to a widow's claim to a year's support. Richards v. Wadsworth, 230 Ga. App. 421, 422(2) ( 496 S.E.2d 535) (1998).
Moreover, the executrix did not exceed the scope of her authority under the will, which granted her the power to "sell any and all of [decedent's] property at private and/or public sale, for any purpose she may see fit, on such terms and consideration which her judgment shall dictate . . . without the order of any court." See Cannon v. Bangs, 269 Ga. 671, 672-673 ( 502 S.E.2d 224) (1998) (will provision that gave executrix, who held life estate in property, "the express power to sell, encumber, use, or do any act with regard to the property" authorized executrix to convey property in fee simple even though sale deprived remaindermen of their interest). Thus, the trial court correctly concluded that the executrix had the authority to compromise the widow's claim.
According to the appellants, the executrix should not be allowed to settle their caveat without their approval. However, the executrix did not settle the caveats. She settled the widow's claim for year's support, which rendered the caveats moot. See Shepherd v. Carlton's Nice Cars, 149 Ga. App. 749, 750-751(2) ( 256 S.E.2d 113) (1979) (settlement rendered cross appeals moot).
In fact, Davis is the only appellant who actually filed a caveat.
To the extent that appellants imply that they had a right to have some input into the settlement, we disagree. There is no statutory provision nor any provision in the decedent's will that requires that the beneficiaries agree to such settlements. There is a requirement that, in settling the claim, the executrix act in good faith. See Home Insurance Co. v. Wynn, 229 Ga. App. 220, 222(1) ( 493 S.E.2d 622) (1997) (executrix, as fiduciary, must act with good faith). Here, the appellants do not contend that the executrix acted in bad faith in settling the claim and, thus, we do not address this issue on appeal.
2. Appellants next assert that, even if the executrix had the authority to compromise the widow's claim for year's support, the trial court erred in allowing her to compromise the claim in such way as to defeat the intentions of the testator. Again, we disagree.
As an initial matter, we note that a claim for year's support is preferred before all debts notwithstanding the fact that such an award necessarily "contravenes the theory that every competent person should be free to dispose of property at death as the individual desires." Driskell v. Crisler, 237 Ga. App. 408, 409 ( 515 S.E.2d 416) (1999). "[T]he right to a year's support overrides the testator's instructions." (Punctuation omitted.) Richards, supra at 425(4). Thus, the fact that the settlement of the widow's claim for a year's support undermines the intent of the testator is not fatal to the settlement.
3. According to the appellants, the superior court erred in permitting the executrix to establish the value of the property through hearsay testimony. We disagree.
Initially, we question whether this enumeration of error has any bearing on the outcome of this case. The will gave the executrix the power to sell any of the decedent's property without court approval. Additionally, she had the authority to compromise the claim against the estate. There is no requirement that such settlements be approved by the court. Compare OCGA § 29-2-16 (probate court approval required for certain settlements by guardian on behalf of ward). Thus, if the hearing was not required, we fail to see how the appellants could have been harmed by anything that took place during the hearing. It is well-settled that "appellant[s] must show harm as well as error to prevail on appeal." See Gantt v. Bennett, 231 Ga. App. 238, 242(3) ( 499 S.E.2d 75) (1998); Matherly v. Kinney, 227 Ga. App. 302, 305(3) ( 489 S.E.2d 89) (1997); see also Great Western Bank v. Davis, 203 Ga. App. 473, 474(2) ( 416 S.E.2d 899) (1992).
Pretermitting whether appellants can establish harm, the trial court did not err in admitting the executrix' value testimony over the appellants' hearsay objections. As this Court recognized in BL Service Co. v. Gerson, 167 Ga. App. 679 ( 307 S.E.2d 262) (1983),
[e]vidence of value is not to be excluded merely because the valuation fixed by the witness as a matter of opinion depends on hearsay, hence the testimony of the [executrix] is not objectionable for the reason stated. Market value may rest wholly or in part upon hearsay, provided the witness has had an opportunity of forming a correct opinion.
(Punctuation omitted.) Id. at 681(4). Accordingly, this enumeration of error lacks merit.
4. Appellants contend that the superior court erred in "failing to preserve" their right to a jury trial on their caveat to the year's support claim. The case came before the superior court by virtue of the probate court's denial of the widow's claim for year's support. Appellants correctly note that, pursuant to OCGA § 5-3-30, appeals filed to a superior court before July 1, 1998 are to be tried by a jury. Thus, had the year's support claim not been compromised, the appellants clearly would have had the right to have a jury address the merits of the widow's claim. However, as the executrix did settle the year's support claim, any issues that the appellants could have raised were rendered moot. Shepherd, supra. As there were no issues for a jury to decide, the trial court cannot be said to have deprived the appellants of their right to a jury trial. See Harry v. Glynn County, 269 Ga. 503, 505-506(3) ( 501 S.E.2d 196) (1998); Allen v. Tucker Federal Bank, 236 Ga. App. 245 (2) ( 510 S.E.2d 546)(1998). Judgment affirmed. McMurray, P.J., and Andrews, J., concur.
OCGA § 5-3-30 has been amended to read that appeals from magistrate court to superior court filed after July 1, 1998 are to be tried without a jury unless either party files a demand for a jury trial within 30 days.