Summary
holding that petitioner failed to show that his remedy under § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective where he was time barred from filing a § 2255 petition
Summary of this case from Conway v. United StatesOpinion
No. 01-3040.
Submitted For Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) or Summary Action Under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 April 11, 2002.
Filed May 3, 2002.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, William W. Caldwell, J.
Before: SCIRICA, AMBRO and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges.
OPINION OF THE COURT
Mario Lenardo Cradle, an inmate at the Federal Prison Camp at Allenwood, Pennsylvania, appeals the District Court's order dismissing his petition for writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. We will affirm.
In 1990, Cradle pleaded guilty in the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina to four drug-related charges in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846. He received four concurrent 20-year sentences. Cradle did not appeal his conviction and sentence to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. The nature of any post-conviction challenge Cradle launched against his conviction and sentence is less than clear on the record presented. Appellant posits conflicting information in his submissions, contending at one point that he did not collaterally attack his conviction or sentence through the filing of a motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, while asserting in another that he has "failed to adhere to the one year limitation period, as provided for under 28 U.S.C. § 2255." A review of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals' decision in United States v. Cradle, 232 F.3d 890 (4th Cir. 2000), reveals that Cradle did in fact seek relief pursuant to § 2255. However, the claims Cradle advanced in that motion are unknown as his appeal from the denial of relief was dismissed as having been untimely filed. Id.
In January 2001, Cradle filed the underlying § 2241 petition in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, claiming that the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina was without jurisdiction to impose the sentence that it did because the government failed to provide him with notice of its intent to pursue enhanced sentencing under the recidivist provisions of 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A), as required by 21 U.S.C. § 851(a)(1). Despite conceding that he did not file a direct appeal challenging his sentence or challenging the enhanced penalty through the filing of a § 2255 motion, Cradle contends that a § 2241 petition is the proper avenue for him to raise this claim because he is now barred from presenting his claim to the sentencing court in a motion filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
The district court summarily dismissed the petition, having concluded that Cradle failed to show that his remedy under § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention merely because he may now be time barred from challenging the enhanced penalty through the filing of a § 2255 motion. Additionally, the court determined that Cradle's claim did not fall within the narrow "savings clause" exception set forth in In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245 (3d Cir. 1997).
We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a). We exercise plenary review over the district court's legal conclusions and apply a clearly erroneous standard to its factual findings. See Lambert v. Blackwell, 134 F.3d 506, 512 (3d Cir. 1998). Upon review, we conclude that the district court properly dismissed the underlying § 2241 petition through which Cradle sought to challenge his sentence.
Cradle argues that a challenge to the district court's jurisdiction can be raised "any place and at any time," see Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus at 9, and since he is procedurally precluded from proceeding under § 2255, he must be afforded an opportunity to attack his sentence through a § 2241 petition. However, under the explicit terms of 28 U.S.C. § 2255, unless a § 2255 motion would be "inadequate or ineffective," a habeas corpus petition under § 2241 cannot be entertained by the court. See also Application of Galante, 437 F.2d 1164, 1165 (3d Cir. 1971).
A § 2255 motion is inadequate or ineffective only where the petitioner demonstrates that some limitation of scope or procedure would prevent a § 2255 proceeding from affording him a full hearing and adjudication of his wrongful detention claim. Id. (quoting United States ex rel. Leguillou v. Davis, 212 F.2d 681, 684 (3d Cir. 1954)); see also In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 249-52. It is the inefficacy of the remedy, not the personal inability to use it, that is determinative. Garris v. Lindsay, 794 F.2d 722, 727 (D.C. Cir. 1986). Section 2255 is not inadequate or ineffective merely because the sentencing court does not grant relief, the one-year statute of limitations has expired, or the petitioner is unable to meet the stringent gatekeeping requirements of the amended § 2255. See In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251; Charles v. Chandler, 180 F.3d 753, 758 (6th Cir. 1999). The provision exists to ensure that petitioners have a fair opportunity to seek collateral relief, not to enable them to evade procedural requirements. See In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251-52 (listing cases in which § 2255 is not "inadequate or ineffective" even though petitioner is unable to raise a successful claim under it).
There is no doubt that the claim Appellant presents in this petition falls within the purview of § 2255. Yet Cradle cites neither an intervening change in the law nor any extraordinary circumstances (in fact, he readily concedes that he had multiple chances to challenge his sentence) to establish that his remedy under § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective. 28 U.S.C. § 2255; see In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251-52. In this context, Cradle cannot contend that § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective to protect him, even if he cannot prevail under it.
Therefore, because it clearly appears that no substantial question is presented by this appeal, we will summarily affirm the district court's order.