Summary
In Country Wide Ins. Co. v Osathanugrah (94 A.D.2d 513, 514-515), we held: "no-fault legislation reflects a public policy designed to make the insurer of first-party benefits absorb the economic impact of loss without resort to reimbursement from its insured or, by subrogation, from the tort-feasor".
Summary of this case from Country-Wide Ins. v. W.J. Woodward ConstrOpinion
July 14, 1983
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County, RICHARD LEE PRICE, J.
John W. Konduls of counsel ( Dolores Gerber with him on the brief; Tarangelo, Totura Hargous, attorneys), for appellant.
Eric M. Alderman of counsel ( Bernard Samuels with him on the brief; Held, Cheven, Sternberg Held and Alderman, Samuels, Jerry Rossi, attorneys), for plaintiff-respondent.
Plaintiff's insured was injured in a two-car collision when the automobile he was operating was struck by an automobile owned and operated by defendants. Plaintiff paid first-party benefits to its insured under the personal injury protection provisions of its policy, and then commenced this action for the amount of said payment made under the policy.
Special Term denied summary dismissal of this action, ruling that plaintiff should have a common-law right of recovery on the theory of negligence because its insured had failed to commence an action against the owner and operator of the offending vehicle. The court held that an insurance company may sue to recover payments made under no-fault to its own insured, citing Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v Country-Wide Ins. Co. ( 77 A.D.2d 304). But that case merely recognized an insurer's statutory lien on actual or anticipated recovery by a no-fault covered person against a noncovered person. (Insurance Law, § 673, subd 2; see Acevedo v G.E.I.C.O., 87 A.D.2d 600.) Defendant's insured in Nationwide was the owner of the motorcycle involved in the collision, and at the time of that case there was no requirement for insurers to provide no-fault coverage to motorcycle operators. Thus that case is inapplicable here, where there is no assertion that defendants were noncovered persons under no-fault.
Plaintiff seeks recovery under the common-law theory of indemnification, which it terms "implied indemnity". No such right, however described, survives enactment of the no-fault legislation. Plainly, such litigation is contrary to the very purpose of the Comprehensive Automobile Insurance Reparations Act (the No-Fault Law, L 1973, ch 13), which was designed to eliminate the plethora of automobile accident negligence lawsuits involving basic economic loss (see Governor's Memorandum on approval of the bill, McKinney's Session Laws of NY, 1973, p 2335), and instead encourage arbitration of such nonserious claims. Subdivision 1 of section 673 Ins. of the Insurance Law thus abrogates the right of a no-fault covered person to recover basic economic loss or other than serious noneconomic loss in litigation against a covered person.
Moreover, this action is plainly one in the nature of subrogation rather than indemnification (see State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v Regional Tr. Serv., 79 A.D.2d 858, 859). But except in situations where the statute has created a cause of action (such as against a noncovered person under § 673, subd 2, or in a case of serious noneconomic loss under subd 1, or where the no-fault insurer seeks recovery against the tort-feasor's insurer under § 674), no-fault legislation reflects a public policy designed to make the insurer of first-party benefits absorb the economic impact of loss without resort to reimbursement from its insured or, by subrogation, from the tort-feasor (see Government Employees Ins. Co. v Halfpenny, 103 Misc.2d 128, 133, affd 82 A.D.2d 1023, lv to app den 55 N.Y.2d 603). The statute does not create a right of subrogation. It creates certain new remedies, not here applicable ( Safeco Ins. Co. of Amer. v Jamaica Water Supply Co., 83 A.D.2d 427, 432).
Under the principle of subrogation, the insurer would stand in the shoes of its insured. "A first-party insurer's rights are based on and derived from its insured's rights and no more" ( State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v Regional Tr. Serv., 79 A.D.2d, at p 859). Since plaintiff's insured was barred by the no-fault statute from any further recovery, plaintiff is similarly precluded.
Order of Supreme Court, New York County (RICHARD LEE PRICE, J.), entered January 22, 1982, denying defendant's motion for summary judgment, unanimously reversed, on the law, the moving defendant's motion granted, and the complaint dismissed, with costs.
CARRO, J.P., ASCH, BLOOM and ALEXANDER, JJ., concur.
Order, Supreme Court, New York County, entered on January 22, 1982, unanimously reversed, on the law, the defendant-appellant's motion granted, and the complaint dismissed. Appellant shall recover of respondent $75 costs and disbursements of this appeal.