Summary
In Connolly, the appellate court specifically stated that, absent a motion for judgment on the pleadings, there is no basis for the court to "arbitrarily, upon its own motion, dismiss the petition of the plaintiff with prejudice."
Summary of this case from Am. Gen. Finance v. BeemerOpinion
Decided July 18, 1929.
Credit insurance — Misrepresentations by insurer's agent not merged in application — Cause of action pleaded and passed to insured's bankruptcy trustee — Pleading — Reply to new matter in answer unnecessary, when — Court cannot arbitrarily dismiss petition, without motion for judgment, when.
1. Under answer in action by bankruptcy trustee alleging application for credit policy April 22d, and petition alleging insurance agent's misrepresentations April 26th, demurrer to answer on ground of merger of representations in application was properly overruled.
2. Insured's cause of action against insurer, for falsely representing credit policy would include certain customer whose bankruptcy caused insured financial loss, passed to insured's bankruptcy trustee (National Bankruptcy Act, Title 11, U.S. Code).
3. Bankruptcy trustee's petition, alleging insured's loss because of bankruptcy of customer falsely represented as included within credit policy, stated cause of action against insurer.
4. Though answer alleged new matter, reply was not necessarily required if plaintiff under his petition could prove rebutting facts.
5. In absence of motion for judgment on pleadings, or submission for trial to court, dismissing petition upon court's own motion was error.
ERROR: Court of Appeals for Hamilton county.
Messrs. Bolsinger Black, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Malcolm McAvoy, for defendant in error.
This case is here on error from the court of common pleas of Hamilton county, Ohio, wherein a judgment was rendered in favor of the National Surety Company, defendant below.
The petition was originally filed by Clarence G. McLaughlin, who brought suit against the National Surety Company, alleging that the company, on or about the 26th day of April, 1925, solicited him to purchase a policy of credit insurance, insuring him against loss in the sum of $15,000 from sales of lumber shipped to customers; that he purchased said policy of insurance from the company under the authorized representation of its agent that such policy would cover a specific customer, the Baker Lumber Company, which the insurance company had authorized its agent to represent was listed in Bradstreet's Mercantile Agency with a sound rating, when, in fact, said Baker Lumber Company had no rating, and was insolvent; that the policy of insurance written by the surety company only covered customers rated in Bradstreet's Agency; that the Baker Lumber Company was unable to pay for said lumber, shipped to it by reason of said representations, and went into bankruptcy, causing plaintiff financial loss.
An answer was filed by the surety company in which it denied all the allegations of the petition covering representations made by the agent; and further denied that said agent was authorized to make such representations.
As a second defense, the answer alleged that an application was signed on April 22, 1925, by the plaintiff, covering the policy of insurance, and that said application contained the following provisions: "This application and said Policy, if issued, shall with the within conditions and stipulations, constitute the entire agreement between the undersigned and the National Surety Company, any verbal or written statement, promise or agreement, by any Agent of the said Company to the contrary notwithstanding. It is also agreed that this application, whether as respects anything contained therein or omitted therefrom, has been made, prepared and written by the applicant, or by his own proper agent."
The third defense of the answer was a general denial.
No reply was filed to this answer.
A demurrer was filed by the plaintiff to the second defense of the answer.
Nothing having been done in the case for some time, the defendant filed a motion to dismiss for failure to prosecute. Whereupon, an application was made to substitute the trustee in bankruptcy of the plaintiff below as plaintiff, the plaintiff below having subsequently become a bankrupt. Thereupon the court entered a judgment in which all of the several matters then pending in this cause were adjudicated. In this one judgment, the motion to dismiss the action filed by the defendant was overruled. The application to have the trustee substituted as party plaintiff was granted. It is further recited in the judgment that the substituted plaintiff having asked leave to have the demurrer, previously filed by the original plaintiff below, refiled on his behalf, the said application had been granted, and that the court on considering the demurrer overruled the same.
The judgment then recites as follows: "Thereupon counsel for said substituted plaintiff having stated to the court that he did not care to file any reply or to plead further it is therefore ordered and adjudged that this cause be and hereby is dismissed with prejudice at plaintiff's costs. To which judgment, the substituted plaintiff, Paul V. Connolly, excepts."
It is urged by the plaintiff in error, plaintiff below: First, that the demurrer should have been sustained; and, second, that the court committed error in rendering judgment in favor of the defendant.
As to the first assignment of error, we think the demurrer was properly overruled. The petition alleges that the application for the insurance was made on the 26th day of April, 1925. The second defense of the answer alleges that the application, containing the clause above quoted, was made on the 22d day of April, 1925. Under these respective allegations there could have been no merger of the representations of the agent into the application.
The second defense may or may not be a valid defense, according to the facts developed at the trial.
Coming to the second assignment of error, it is contended by the defendant in error that the judgment was correct, as the cause of action, being one in deceit, did not pass to the trustee in bankruptcy under the National Bankruptcy Act, Title 11, U.S. Code. The federal decisions do not support this contention. Such cause of action as is alleged in the petition is one affecting the property of the bankrupt, and passes to the trustee, and under the National Bankruptcy Act is not one wholly personal to him, as would be the case in assault and battery or slander. See In re Gay (D.C.), 182 F., 260. The case of In re Harper (D.C.), 175 F., 412, while based upon a New York statute, is, we think, nevertheless applicable.
The trustee therefore was properly substituted as a party plaintiff, and, after the overruling of the demurrer, the court was presented with the petition — which, even after the search of the record and consequent testing of the petition by the demurrer to the answer, still states a cause of action — and an answer containing three separate defenses, one of which was a general denial. While there was no reply filed to this answer, it might well be that the new matter alleged therein might not constitute a defense if the plaintiff were able to prove, under his petition, facts rebutting its effect.
There was no motion for judgment on the pleadings, neither was the case submitted to the court for trial without a jury. Under such circumstances, there appears to be no warrant for the action of the court in arbitrarily, upon its own motion, dismissing the petition of the plaintiff with prejudice.
For these reasons, the judgment of the court of common pleas must be, and is, reversed, and the cause is remanded for a trial upon the pleadings.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
CUSHING, P.J., and HAMILTON, J., concur.