Summary
In Commonwealth v. Tarsnane, 170 Pa. Super. 265, 85 A.2d 606 (1952), this court held that the Journey Act did not apply in a situation where the defendant had enticed a child into his car, driven to a vacant house, assaulted the child in the house, and then returned the child to the neighborhood where he had first met her.
Summary of this case from Com. v. FrankOpinion
November 15, 1951.
January 17, 1952.
Criminal law — Jurisdiction of court — Locus of crime — Questions specifically raised — Absence of proof — Act of March 31, 1860, P. L. 427.
1. The locus of a crime is always in issue, for a court has no jurisdiction of the offense unless committed in the county where tried.
2. Where the question of the locus of the crime is specifically raised and the jurisdiction of the court challenged, a conviction cannot stand in the absence of some evidence that the crime was committed in the county where tried.
3. The Act of March 31, 1860, P. L. 427, was intended to obviate difficulties in proof of the locus of the crime in one county or another when committed in the course of a journey; and § 49 has no bearing on the question of jurisdiction where the crime was committed in a fixed building susceptible of exact location.
Before RHODES, P. J., HIRT, RENO, DITHRICH, ROSS, ARNOLD and GUNTHER, JJ.
Appeal, No. 205, Oct. T., 1951, from judgment of Court of Quarter Sessions of Philadelphia County, Oct. Sessions, 1950, No. 403, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. James Tarsnane. Judgment reversed.
Indictments, sodomy and related offenses. Before PARRY, J.
Verdict of guilty as to sodomy and related offenses; judgment of sentence entered on charge of sodomy. Defendant appealed.
Milton S. Leidner, for appellant.
Raymond V. John, Assistant District Attorney, with him John H. Maurer, District Attorney, for appellee.
Argued November 15, 1951.
The defendant was convicted of sodomy on Bill No. 403, and of related offenses charged in two other indictments. He was sentenced on the sodomy conviction alone. In this appeal it is contended that defendant is entitled to a new trial because venue as laid in the indictment was contested and was not supported by the proofs.
The victim in this case was a seven-year old girl. Under the testimony, accepted by the jury, the defendant enticed the child into his automobile on Wyoming Avenue in Philadelphia early in the afternoon of July 16, 1950. He then drove some distance to a vacant house where he committed the offense. The location of the house does not appear and there is no evidence that it was in Philadelphia County. An hour and a half elapsed between the time when defendant picked up the child and her return by him to the neighborhood of her home. The interval was sufficiently long for the defendant to drive beyond the limits of Philadelphia County and commit the crime there. The child was unable to throw any light on the location of the house. She did state that it was a long ride to the house but she was unable to say how long. There is no evidence from which the commission of the effense in Philadelphia County could be inferred. Proof of venue therefore is wholly lacking.
We stated the applicable principle in the language of settled law in Com. v. Wojdakowski et al., 161 Pa. Super. 250, 257, 53 A.2d 851, thus: "The locus of a crime is always in issue, for a court has no jurisdiction of the offense unless committed in the county where tried. Commonwealth v. Mull et al., 316 Pa. 424, 175 A. 418. Usually the question is not specifically raised but, in such case, the conviction of a defendant is conclusive that the crime was committed where laid in the indictment, for a verdict of guilt includes such finding. Commonwealth v. Bubnis, 197 Pa. 542, 547, 47 A. 748; Commonwealth v. Kaiser, 184 Pa. 493, 497, 39 A. 299." Accordingly even where the charge is murder although some evidence of the locality of the crime should be adduced yet if the place of its commission is not disputed, the defect is cured by verdict of guilty. Commonwealth v. Kaiser, supra.
Here however the defendants consistently challenged the jurisdiction of the court throughout the trial of this case. And his counsel objected specifically to that portion of the charge which submitted the question of jurisdiction to the jury in the total absence of testimony on the subject; in addition, there was a request for a directed verdict of not guilty for want of proof that the offense was committed in Philadelphia County, which the court refused.
The present appeal is ruled by Commonwealth v. Mull et al., supra. Section 49 of the Act of March 31, 1860, P. L. 427, 19 P. S. § 525, commonly known as the Journey Act, has no bearing on the question of jurisdiction contrary to the contention of the Commonwealth. The reason for that Act was to obviate difficulties in proof of the locus of a crime in one county or another when committed in the course of a journey. The offense here was not committed in the automobile either while in motion or when brought to a stop, in the course of a journey, as in Com. v. Stefanowicz, 133 Pa. Super. 501, 3 A.2d 22. The place where the instant crime was committed was in a fixed building susceptible of exact location. The court therefore erred in submitting the question of jurisdiction to the jury in the absence of some evidence that the building where the sodomy was committed was within the County of Philadelphia.
Judgment of sentence reversed with a venire facias de novo.