Opinion
April 18, 1967.
July 27, 1967.
Criminal law — Murder — Plea of guilty — Inquiry by court — Evidence that plea is voluntarily and intelligently made — Allegation of coerced plea — Criminal procedure — Petition for post-conviction relief — Want of particularity — Right to clarify — Post Conviction Hearing Act.
1. In this appeal from the dismissal, without a hearing, of a petition for post-conviction relief, in which defendant alleged that he had been denied his absolute right to counsel on appeal and that his guilty plea to murder had been unlawfully induced, it was Held that the order should be vacated with instructions to give defendant an opportunity to clarify his petition.
2. An order dismissing a petition for collateral relief under the Post Conviction Hearing Act for want of particularity must be vacated in view of the clear command of § 7 of the Post Conviction Hearing Act of 1966, P. L. (1965) 1580, which provides "No petition may be dismissed for want of particularity unless the petitioner is first given an opportunity to clarify his petition." [269]
3. A person who files a petition under the Post Conviction Hearing Act and alleges that his guilty plea was unlawfully induced is entitled to a hearing on this issue if, accepting as true all allegations of fact which are nonfrivolous, specific, and not controverted by the record, his plea would be vitiated. [268]
4. The validity of a plea of guilty and the lawfulness of the sentence imposed are both cognizable in a collateral proceeding. [267-8]
5. Where the validity of a plea of guilty is subsequently challenged it is the duty of a reviewing court to determine whether the decision of the accused to enter the plea of guilty is voluntarily, intelligently and understandingly made; and in arriving at its decision strict adherence must not be had to the rule that knowledge of counsel is imputable to the accused. [269]
6. One who challenges the validity of his plea of guilty is entitled to have the court consider his allegations of fact which are outside the record. [269]
Mr. Chief Justice BELL dissented.
Before BELL, C. J., MUSMANNO, JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN and ROBERTS, JJ.
Appeal, No. 100, Jan. T., 1967, from order of Court of Oyer and Terminer of Delaware County, June T., 1962, No. 415, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Robert Stokes. Order vacated.
Petition under Post Conviction Hearing Act.
Petition dismissed without hearing. Defendant appealed.
Mervyn R. Turk, First Assistant Defender, for appellant. Vram Nedurian, Jr., Assistant District Attorney, with him Ralph B. D'Iorio, Assistant District Attorney, John R. Graham, First Assistant District Attorney, and Paul R. Sand, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Following a plea of guilty, appellant Robert Stokes was convicted of murder in the second degree and sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not less than 7 1/2 nor more than 15 years. On August 3, 1966 appellant filed an application for collateral relief under the Post Conviction Hearing Act alleging, inter alia, that he had been denied his absolute right to counsel on appeal and that his guilty plea had been unlawfully induced. On August 15, 1966 the petition was dismissed by the court below without a hearing and appellant prosecuted this appeal.
In this case the court actually accepted a plea to "murder in the second degree." Since such a plea is unknown to Pennsylvania law, this was contrary to proper practice. Commonwealth ex rel. Kerekes v. Maroney, 423 Pa. 337, 340-41, 223 A.2d 699. 701 (1966). At the same time we have held that the defendant is not prejudiced thereby and may not subsequently attack the court's action. Ibid.
Act of January 25, 1966, P. L. (1965) 1580, 19 P. S. § 1180-1 (Supp. 1966).
See Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353, 83 S. Ct. 814 (1963); Commonwealth ex rel. Robinson v. Myers, 420 Pa. 72, 215 A.2d 637 (1966).
See Commonwealth ex rel. McKenna v. Cavell, 423 Pa. 387, 224 A.2d 616 (1966); Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Myers, 423 Pa. 1, 222 A.2d 918 (1966).
Appellant's allegation that he was denied the right to appeal his conviction is not well founded. A plea of guilty to murder generally is sufficient of itself to sustain a conviction of murder in the second degree. Commonwealth ex rel. Bostic v. Cavell, 424 Pa. 573, 576, 227 A.2d 662, 664 (1967). Thus the only issues which would have been available for appellant to challenge on direct review would have been the validity of the plea and the lawfulness of the sentence. But since both these claims are cognizable in a collateral proceeding, the denial of the right to appellate review, even if true, would not be prejudicial. See Commonwealth ex rel. Davis v. Russell, 422 Pa. 223, 220 A.2d 858 (1966).
This is generally true of all guilty pleas except when, following a plea of guilty to murder generally, the defendant is convicted of murder in the first degree. Since the Commonwealth is required to prove the elements of first degree murder beyond a reasonable doubt, Commonwealth ex rel. Andrews v. Russell, 420 Pa. 4, 6, 215 A.2d 857, 858 (1966); Commonwealth v. Kurus, 371 Pa. 633, 637, 92 A.2d 196, 198 (1952), a defendant so convicted may have other errors to press on direct review.
The sentence imposed is obviously authorized by 'The Penal Code. Accordingly appellant is entitled to relief only if he can show that his guilty plea was unlawfully induced. See Commonwealth v. Welch, 425 Pa. 591, 229 A.2d 737 (1967). At the same time he is entitled to a hearing on this issue if, accepting as true all allegations of fact which are nonfrivolous, specific, and not controverted by the record, his plea would be vitiated. See Post Conviction Hearing Act, Act of January 25, 1966, P. L. (1965) 1580, § 9, 19 P. S. § 1180-9 (Supp. 1966); accord Commonwealth v. Wood, 425 Pa. 612, 230 A.2d 729 (1967); Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Myers, 423 Pa. 1, 222 A.2d 918 (1966).
Act of June 24, 1939, P. L. 872, § 701, as amended, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4701.
In its brief opinion, the court below, the same judge having presided at appellant's guilty plea hearing, stated: "In accepting the plea of guilty in this case, the Trial Judge is satisfied that the defendant knew what he was doing, that no confession was used at the time of the trial and that he committed [the crime] as charged. Since his petition does not state what constitutional rights were abridged, we cannot comment upon this phase of the case." Yet in seemingly dismissing the petition for want of particularity, the court below ignored the clear command of § 7 of the Post Conviction Hearing Act which provides: "The court may grant leave to amend or withdraw the petition at any time. Amendment shall be freely allowed in order to achieve substantial justice. No petition may be dismissed for want of particularity unless the petitioner is first given an opportunity to clarify his petition." (Emphasis supplied.)
Appellant's petition as it now stands does not allege any facts which would entitle him to relief. At the same time it should be noted that the record does not contain any examination of appellant by the court at the time he entered his plea. Moreover, "because of the serious consequences which are attendant on the entry of a plea of guilty, strict adherence must not be had to the rule that knowledge of counsel is imputable to the accused." Commonwealth ex rel. McKenna v. Cavell, 423 Pa. 387, 393, 224 A.2d 616, 619 (1966). Thus when challenging the validity of the plea, a petitioner is entitled to have the court consider his allegations of fact which are dehors the record. See Machibroda v. United States, 368 U.S. 487, 82 S.Ct. 510 (1962); United States ex rel. McGrath v. LaVallee, 319 F.2d 308 (2d Cir. 1963); Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Myers, 423 Pa. 1, 222 A.2d 918 (1966).
"Although our cases have not made such an inquiry an absolute prerequisite, preferring to treat each case upon its own circumstances, we have repeatedly warned that without a record demonstration that the decision to so plead is the defendant's own voluntary and intelligent choice, the plea's validity may be undermined in a subsequent collateral proceeding. [Citations omitted]." Commonwealth v. Wood, 425 Pa. 612, 615, 230 A.2d 729, 730 (1967).
Under the circumstances we see no alternative but to vacate the order of the court below and remand with instructions to give appellant "an apportunity to clarify his petition." In so doing, of course, we do not pass upon the question of whether appellant is entitled to an evidentiary hearing.
In his post-conviction petition, Stokes indicated that the Defender's Association of Media agreed to represent him in this proceeding. Although that office briefed and argued the case before our Court, there is no indication that it made any appearance on behalf of Stokes in the proceedings below. Nor is there any indication as to why the court below did not request said office to have Stokes clarify his allegations.
Order vacated and record remanded.
Mr. Chief Justice BELL dissents.