Summary
In Commonwealth v. Silvis, 445 Pa. 235, 238, 284 A.2d 740, 741 (1971), the then "present majority" of the court found that "[w]hile it may be preferable to record opening and closing addresses to the jury, we do not believe that due process demands a recordation."
Summary of this case from Com. v. MartinOpinion
September 29, 1971.
December 20, 1971.
Criminal Law — Practice — Opening and closing addresses to jury — Recordation — Due process — Discretion of trial judge — Charge to jury — Test of fundamental error — Murder.
1. Although it may be preferable to record opening and closing addresses to the jury, due process does not demand a recordation. [238]
2. Improper remarks or comments made by the prosecution can and should be quickly brought the attention of the court. [237]
3. Improper remarks can be corrected by the trial judge sua sponte. [237]
4. Control of the prosecution's comments is largely delegated to the discretion of the trial judge. [237]
5. Unexcepted prosecution comments are subject to the "fundamental error" test. [238]
6. On appeal by defendant following conviction of murder in the first degree and judgment of sentence, in which defendant contended that the failure to record the Commonwealth's opening address and summation precluded a meaningful appeal, it was Held that the judgment of sentence should be affirmed.
Criminal Law — Murder — Felony-murder — Intoxication of defendant.
7. Defendant's contention that, although the Commonwealth proceeded on a theory of felony-murder, defendant's alleged intoxication precluded a finding of first degree murder was Held to be without merit.
Mr. Chief Justice BELL and Mr. Justice ROBERTS took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Before JONES, EAGEN, O'BRIEN, POMEROY and BARBIERI, JJ.
Appeal, No. 107, March T., 1971, from judgment of sentence of Court of Common Pleas of Armstrong County, March T., 1970, No. 7, in case of Commonwealth v. Edward Clyde Silvis. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Indictment charging defendant with murder. Before GRAFF, P. J.
Verdict of guilty of murder in first degree, defendant's motion for a new trial dismissed and judgment of sentence entered. Defendant appealed.
Jerome D. Lombardi, for appellant.
D. Dale Claypool, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Appellant was charged with murder and armed robbery in Forest County. A pre-trial petition for change of venue was granted and we transferred the case to the Common Pleas Court of Armstrong County. Appellant was tried before a jury which ultimately rendered a verdict of first degree murder. After disposition of post-trial motions, appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment. This appeal followed.
Briefly reconstructing the facts, an armed robber confronted Miss Alice Neal Siggins, an aged and retired school teacher, and her housekeeper, Mrs. Opel Redman, in Miss Siggins' home on the evening of April 12, 1969. The assailant demanded money and the housekeeper turned to leave the room in order to satisfy the robber's demand. Before Mrs. Redman was able to depart, she heard Miss Siggins make some pleading remark and state, "Oh dear God". Simultaneously a shot rang out and Miss Siggins was fatally wounded. After stating to Mrs. Redman that the homicide was an accident, the robber fled the premises without taking any money. That same evening the appellant voluntarily surrendered to the Pennsylvania State Police.
Relying on our decision in Com. v. Anderson, 441 Pa. 483, 272 A.2d 877 (1971), appellant first contends that the failure to record the Commonwealth's opening address and summation precludes a meaningful appeal. In Anderson, this Court pertinently stated that, "while a transcript per se is not an absolute due process necessity, there must at least be an equivalent 'picture' of what transpired below." 441 Pa. at 493, 272 A.2d at 882. We believe that the policy considerations behind Anderson are inapposite to the situation at bar. Unlike alleged errors committed during the course of the trial, which are difficult to review absent a record of the proceedings below, improper remarks or comments made by the prosecution can and should be quickly brought to the attention of the court. Cf., Com. v. Allen, 443 Pa. 15, 276 A.2d 439 (1971). Moreover, improper remarks can be corrected by the trial judge sua sponte. Indeed, control of the prosecution's comments is largely delegated to the discretion of the trial judge. Despite the variety of views expressed in Com. v. Jennings, 442 Pa. 18, 274 A.2d 767 (1971), a present majority of this Court shares the view that unexcepted portions of the judge's charge are subject to the "fundamental error" test; that standard should apply with equal force to prosecution comments. While it may be preferable to record opening and closing addresses to the jury, we do not believe that due process demands a recordation.
The appellant's counsel states in his brief that he is severely handicapped inasmuch as he did not act as appellant's trial counsel.
The remaining arguments advanced by the appellant are related insofar as he contends that errors were committed by the jury's failure to consider, the trial judge's failure to charge and trial counsel's failure to emphasize the fact that appellant was allegedly intoxicated when he shot the victim. Although the Commonwealth proceeded on a theory of felony-murder, appellant contends that appellant's alleged intoxication precludes a finding of first degree murder. We recently rejected this argument in Com. v. Moroz, 444 Pa. 493, 281 A.2d 842 (1971).
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Mr. Chief Justice BELL and Mr. Justice ROBERTS took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.