Opinion
June 14, 1973.
September 19, 1973.
Criminal Law — Evidence — Reference by witnesses to police looking for defendant for other crimes — Remarks solicited during cross-examination by defense counsel — Failure to object to testimony — Waiver.
1. In the instant case, two witnesses testified that police were looking for a defendant in connection with other crimes. These remarks were made during cross-examination by defense counsel, who failed to object to their testimony.
It was Held that, given the tactical nature of cross-examination and the fact that defense counsel did not object to the testimony he elicited from the Commonwealth's witnesses, defendant waived his right to object to their remarks.
Before WRIGHT, P.J., WATKINS, JACOBS, HOFFMAN, SPAULDING, CERCONE, and SPAETH, JJ.
Appeal, No. 1000, Oct. T., 1973, from judgment of sentence of Court of Common Pleas, Trial Division, of Philadelphia, Aug. T., 1972, No. 326, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Richard Battle. Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Indictment charging defendant with burglary and armed robbery. Before CARSON, JR., J., without a jury.
Finding of guilty and judgment of sentence entered thereon. Defendant appealed.
William K. Sayer and Jonathan Miller, Assistant Defenders, and Vincent J. Ziccardi, Defender, for appellant.
James J. Wilson and Milton M. Stein, Assistant District Attorneys, Richard A. Sprague, First Assistant District Attorney, and Arlen Specter, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Submitted June 14, 1973.
Appellant contends he is entitled to a new trial on the charge of armed robbery of a Philadelphia bar, because two witnesses prejudicially testified that police were looking for appellant in connection with other crimes. These remarks were made during cross-examination by defense counsel, who failed to object to their testimony.
On cross-examination, Howard Newman, a Commonwealth witness and a patron of the bar, was asked by defense counsel: "Did the police supply the last name, Battle, to you?" Newman replied, "Well, I think the officer said at the time — well, they — they had said they were looking for him for something else and the Battle fit the name. That they were looking for him for something else and the description —."
Defense counsel asked the second Commonwealth witness, James Bowman, the bartender, "How did you find out his name was Battle?" Bowman replied: "He [Detective Ansill] said — he said this might be the guy, that same guy I'm looking for. I think his last name is Battle." Defense counsel never objected to either of these remarks nor was there a motion for mistrial.
In the instant matter defense counsel was called upon to make a tactical decision and decide how extensively to cross-examine the Commonwealth witnesses. "It is of course, firmly embedded within our system of criminal justice that certain decisions during trial are within the exclusive province of counsel." Commonwealth v. McGrogan, 449 Pa. 584, 586, 297 A.2d 456 (1972). Determining the scope of cross-examination is one of these trial tactics. "For instance, in the seminal case of Henry v. Mississippi, 379 U.S. 443, 85 S. Ct. 564 (1965), the United States Supreme Court acknowledged that the decision of whether to contemporaneously object to admission of evidence was one calling for the expertise and experience of counsel and that a failure to object at trial may constitute a `deliberate bypass' precluding the defendant from obtaining relief in the Federal Courts." Commonwealth v. McGrogan, supra at 586-587.
See also, ABA Project on Standards for Criminal Justice, Standards Relating to the Prosecution and Defense Function, the Defense Function § 5.2(b) (Approved Draft), (Commentary) which provides: "The lawyer should seek to maintain a cooperative relationship and responsibility for the strategic and tactical decisions in the case."
Given the tactical nature of cross-examination and the fact that defense counsel did not object to the testimony he elicited from the Commonwealth's witness, we believe appellant has waived his right to object to their remarks. Commonwealth v. Simon, 432 Pa. 386, 248 A.2d 289 (1968) (opinion in support of the court's order); see also Commonwealth v. Scoleri, 432 Pa. 571, 248 A.2d 295 (1968) (concurring opinion by Justice ROBERTS); Pa. R. Crim. P. 1119(b).
Thus, the judgment of sentence is affirmed.