Opinion
September 10, 1974.
March 31, 1975.
Criminal Law — Driving under influence of intoxicating liquor — Arrest without warrant — Misdemeanor — Misdemeanor not committed in presence of arresting officer — Probable cause — Unlawful arrest — Breathalyzer test — Evidence improperly admitted — New trial — Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58.
1. In this case, the defendant was operating an automobile and struck another automobile in the rear. The driver of the other automobile testified that the defendant, in her opinion, was intoxicated at the time of the accident. A police officer went to the scene of the accident in response to a call and testified that there was a strong odor of alcohol and that the defendant was very incoherent, his speech was slurred, and he had to be removed from his automobile. The defendant was arrested and given a breathalyzer test, the results of which were admitted into evidence. It was Held that the court below erred in refusing to suppress the results of the test as the test was conducted pursuant to an illegal arrest.
2. Driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor is a misdemeanor, and at the time of this accident a warrantless arrest for this offense could only be made when the arresting officer had probable cause to believe that the offense had been committed in his presence. Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58.
3. Neither the testimony of other witnesses to the incident, nor an incriminating statement by the alleged driver, could serve as a substitute for the officer's presence in the determination of the legality of the arrest.
4. The results of a breathalyzer test must be suppressed where they are the product of an illegal arrest.
Before WATKINS, P.J., JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE, PRICE, VAN der VOORT, and SPAETH, JJ.
Appeal, No. 412, Oct. T., 1974, from judgment of sentence of Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County, No. 830 of 1973, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Charles Kirkutis. Judgment of sentence reversed and new trial granted.
Indictment charging defendant with operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor. Before PODCASY, J., without a jury.
Finding of guilty and judgment of sentence entered thereon. Defendant appealed.
Blythe H. Evans, Jr., for appellant.
Joseph C. Giebus, Assistant District Attorney, and Patrick J. Toole, Jr., District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
PRICE and VAN der VOORT, JJ., dissented.
Appellant was convicted of driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor. He claims on this appeal that the results of a breathalyzer test should have been suppressed because the test was conducted pursuant to an illegal arrest. We agree and reverse for a new trial.
Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58, § 1037, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1037.
On April 9, 1973, a car being operated by Mrs. Irene Andresky was, while stopped, struck in the rear by another car. Mrs. Andresky testified that appellant had been driving the other car, and that after the accident he had gotten out of his car and discussed the accident with her. In her opinion, he was intoxicated at the time. There was no one else in his automobile. Mrs. Andresky's daughter, who had been a passenger in her car, corroborated this testimony. Officer Valentine Andreoli of the Wilkes-Barre police went to the scene of the accident in response to a call. He testified that when he arrived, appellant was in the front seat of his car: "Strong odor of alcohol, very incoherent, didn't remove himself from the car, he had to be removed from the automobile, his speech was slurred, actually, communication was nil." The officer removed appellant from his car, informed him of his rights, and took him back to the police barracks for a breathalyzer test. The test indicated a blood alcohol reading of 0.26.
At the outset of the trial, the Commonwealth stipulated that the arrest of appellant "was without a warrant for arrest and not upon view." When appellant's counsel argued that the arrest was therefore illegal, the court ruled: "I am told now that they do have a witness [Mrs. Andresky] who will testify that she saw Defendant driving the car and based on that information passed on to the officer he would then have probable cause to believe a misdemeanor was committed. We will go into a hearing on that basis."
Driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor is a misdemeanor, and at the time of this accident a warrantless arrest for this offense could only be made when the arresting officer had probable cause to believe that the offense had been committed in his presence. Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58, § 1204, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1204. See Commonwealth v. Kloch, 230 Pa. Super. 563, 327 A.2d 375 (1974); Commonwealth v. Quarles, 229 Pa. Super. 363, 324 A.2d 452 (1974); Commonwealth v. Jacoby, 226 Pa. Super. 19, 311 A.2d 666 (1973); Commonwealth v. Brown, 225 Pa. Super. 289, 302 A.2d 475 (1973); Commonwealth v. Reeves, 223 Pa. Super. 51, 297 A.2d 142 (1972). Neither the testimony of other witnesses to the incident, Commonwealth v. Brown, supra, nor an incriminating statement by the alleged driver, Commonwealth v. Jacoby, supra, could serve as a substitute for the officer's presence in the determination of the legality of the arrest.
This provision was recently amended by the Act of July 20, 1974, P.L. 522, No. 177, § 2 (Purdon's Leg. Serv. 1974 at page 509), which changes § 1204(a) to allow "[a] peace officer . . . upon probable cause without a warrant [to] arrest any person violating section 1037 of this act [driving under the influence] in cases causing or contributing to an accident."
The Commonwealth's theory, accepted by the trial judge, that the arrest was legal, not because the offense occurred in the arresting officer's presence, but because the testimony of the civilian witness was sufficient, was directly contrary to the holding of Commonwealth v. Brown, supra. The results of the breathalyzer test, being the product of an illegal arrest, should therefore have been suppressed. Commonwealth v. Mackie, 456 Pa. 372, 320 A.2d 842 (1974); Commonwealth v. Jacoby, supra; Commonwealth v. Brown, supra; Commonwealth v. Reeves, supra.
Because of the Commonwealth's stipulation and the resulting incompleteness of the record, we do not decide whether the arrest might have been upheld because, when the officers arrived, appellant was still "operating" his car. Compare Commonwealth v. Kloch, supra.
Judgment of sentence reversed and a new trial granted.
PRICE and VAN der VOORT, JJ., dissent.