Opinion
No. 60.
October 11, 1905.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Sonoma County. Emmett Seawell, Judge.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
J. M. Thompson, and J. A. Barham, for Appellant.
J. R. Leppo, for Respondent.
This is an action for malicious prosecution. Plaintiff had judgment. Defendant moved for a new trial which was denied, and this appeal is from the judgment and from the order delaying the motion for a new trial.
Defendant went before the justice of the peace of Analy Township in Sonoma County and swore to a complaint charging the plaintiff with petit larceny in stealing a hog, upon which the justice issued his warrant and placed the same in defendant's hands. Defendant Bones and plaintiff Cochran lived about a mile and a half from each other, and had so lived for several years, but had only a speaking acquaintance, and the defendant did not know plaintiff's name. In April, 1902, one of defendant's hogs strayed upon the farm of plaintiff, who did not know to whom the hog belonged. The said hog was seen on plaintiff's place as often as once a week until October of that year, when plaintiff shut his hogs up for the purpose of feeding them, and drove this stray hog away repeatedly, but it kept coming' back and he finally found it in the pen with his hogs and did not remember whether he put it there or not, but had no intention of appropriating it to his own use, but let it remain with his hogs until some one should come for it. Defendant came for the hog on a day when plaintiff was absent, when plaintiff's wife requested defendant not to take it away until her husband should return, and defendant complied with her request. On the following day plaintiff went to defendant's home to see him about the hog, when the following conversation ensued between them: —
Defendant. — "You have one of my hogs in your pen?"
Plaintiff. — "Is that so?"
Defendant. — "Yes, sir; I was over there to get it yesterday."
Plaintiff. — "Wouldn't it have been better to have said something to me when you saw me on the road about that being your hog, if it is your hog, and it would look better to come to me like a man and say something to me before trying to take it away?"
Defendant. — "That is my hog and I am going to have it."
Plaintiff. — "I don't think that is a very manly way to get it."
Defendant. — "You have no right to have him shut up there."
Plaintiff. — "I think I have if the hog was doing me damage."
Defendant. — "You have not posted him and have no right to shut him up without posting him."
Plaintiff. — "Didn't you know the hog was there?"
Defendant. — "No, I didn't."
Plaintiff. — "Why didn't you come and get him?"
Defendant. — "I didn't have to." (Then defendant said something about plaintiff giving him eight dollars and keeping the hog, to which plaintiff said): "No, if you want to pay the damages against the hog you can have him, I don't want him."
Defendant then declared he would have the hog and would have plaintiff arrested for stealing. Defendant did not come after the hog again.
This conversation above referred to occurred prior to November 3, 1902, when defendant went to the justice's office and stated to the justice that one Schochran, of Green Valley, on the third day of November, 1902, at Green Valley, in the county of Sonoma, state of California, did "willfully and unlawfully take and keep one hog belonging to said W. H. Bones and refusing to give the said hog to said W. H, Bones when requested, the said hog having been kept in the possession of said Schochran since the middle of June, 1902, the same never having been advertised according to law."
The justice informed defendant that this was petit larceny, and made out the complaint in the words above, adding "And charges the said defendant with the crime of petit larceny." This was all defendant said to the justice, and did not tell him how the hog came to be in the possession of the plaintiff. The plaintiff was tried and acquitted on said charge, the said W. H. Bones not appearing at the trial. Whatever may be said as to the name of "Schochran" appearing in the complaint and warrant, all the facts point unmistakably to the one fact, that defendant Bones meant to charge the plaintiff A. F. Cochran with petit larceny in stealing a hog, was quite anxious to have A. F. Cochran arrested on said warrant, and took the warrant himself to the officer, and described to him A. F. Cochran and urged his arrest under the said warrant, which warrant, legal in every respect, failed only to designate the person intended by the correct name. The evidence shows that there was no person in that neighborhood by 'the name of "Schochran," no one being at the place designated as the residence of the man who had defendant's hog by the name of "Schochran," but that on the contrary the plaintiff A. F. Cochran did live there. The defendant intending, as is clearly shown, to charge A. F. Cochran with petit larceny and to cause the arrest of A. F. Cochran, cannot now shield himself by his mistake in failing to give the correct name. The case is malicious prosecution. The facts alleged in the complaint before the justice for all intents and purposes, so far as malicious prosecution requires, do charge petit larceny. "Did willfully and unlawfully take and keep one hog belonging to the said W. H. Bones," may not charge petit larceny as defined in the code. But the concluding part of the criminal complaint clearly makes the accusation of a crime when it says "and charges said defendant with the crime of petit larceny." But it is immaterial whether the complaint before the justice charged the crime with all the particularity required to make an absolutely faultless criminal charge, for the defendant was a malicious prosecutor in a criminal proceeding. He went before the justice of the peace, who had the right and power to issue a warrant of arrest for a person charged with a crime. He charged the plaintiff with the crime of petit larceny and caused plaintiff's arrest without probable cause. And he cannot afterwards be heard to say, "as the complaint does not sufficiently describe the crime of petit larceny, I am not liable for the damage done." In Harrington v. Tibbett, 143 Cal. 80, [ 76 P. 816], it is said: "When one maliciously, and without probable cause, subjects another to a criminal prosecution, the injury is the same whether it is instituted on a false statement of facts or a false conclusion of law." And we add, or on a faulty description of the offense. "If the reason for the action lay solely in the danger of punishment in which the man [prosecuted] is put, it might be otherwise. But the action lies because of the disgraceful imputation put upon him, the injury caused by his arrest, and the trouble and expense he is put to in defending himself." And this rule, founded as it is on good sense and reason, we are sure is the proper rule in such cases.
That the prosecution was without probable cause, fully appears; and that it was malicious there can be no doubt. As has been seen, the parties had talked about the detention of the hog in which plaintiff informed the defendant that the hog had strayed onto his premises, did damage, and was detained until damage done by said hog should be paid for. Defendant knew he could get his hog by paying the damage done, and instead of doing so had declared he would have the hog and would have plaintiff arrested for stealing, and on going to the justice and stating the case to the justice he concealed the facts which, if they had been disclosed, would have shown the justice there was no stealing and that there had been no crime committed. The testimony in the case before the lower court is here in the statement, and it nowhere appears that defendant was ignorant of the facts. He had declared that he would have the plaintiff arrested for stealing, and he must have gone to the justice with that determination in his mind, and there is no dispute but what he knew the facts just as enumerated above; and, if so, he doubtless knew that if he made a fair and full statement to the justice, that officer would refuse to issue a warrant. What other facts would be necessary to show malice on the part of the defendant? It is true defendant did not appear when the trial was to take place before the justice. But why should he when he knew that no crime had been committed? He probably had done the plaintiff all the damage and put him to all the trouble and expense defendant's malice prompted.
At the trial in the lower court the defendant offered no evidence whatever, relying wholly upon the three points: that plaintiff was arrested upon a warrant in which the name of "Schochran," and not "Cochran," was used; that he had fully stated the facts to the justice and that the justice advised him the crime was petit larceny; and that the criminal complaint did not charge a crime.
The findings are sustained by ample and uncontradicted evidence, and the findings support the judgment.
The judgment is affirmed.
McLaughlin, J., and Chipman, P. J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard by the supreme court after judgment in the district court of appeal was denied by the supreme court on December 8, 1905.