Summary
In Clarkson, the Georgia Supreme Court expanded subsection (2) to encompass nonresidents when the cause of action arising from injury in Georgia resulted from a tortious act or omission occurring outside the state.
Summary of this case from Jimmy Smith Racing Tires, Inc. v. AshlemanOpinion
34972, 34973.
ARGUED JULY 9, 1979.
DECIDED SEPTEMBER 5, 1979. REHEARING DENIED SEPTEMBER 25, 1979.
Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia — 149 Ga. App. 284 ( 254 S.E.2d 401) (1979).
Lowe, Barham Lowe, Sam F. Lowe, Jr., Linde, Thomson, Fairchild, Langworthy Kohn, Robert B. Langworthy, for appellant.
Fain Gorby, Donald M. Fain, Nicholas C. Moraitakis, for appellee (Case No. 34972).
Long, Weinberg, Ansley Wheeler, Sidney F. Wheeler, Ben S. Williams, for appellee (Case No. 34973).
We granted certiorari in these cases, 149 Ga. App. 284 ( 254 S.E.2d 401) (1979), in order to re-evaluate our decision in Coe Payne Co. v. Wood-Mosaic Corp., 230 Ga. 58, 60 ( 195 S.E.2d 399) (1973), where we adopted the Illinois Rule of long arm jurisdiction "based on the premise that the Long Arm Statute contemplates that jurisdiction shall be exercised over nonresident parties to the maximum extent permitted by procedural due process." We reaffirm that decision.
Code Ann. § 24-113.1(b) and (c) provide for the exercise of personal jurisdiction over nonresident tortfeasors. Prior to the adoption of subsection (c), the Court of Appeals had interpreted subsection (b) restrictively, requiring that both the tortious act and the injury must occur in Georgia to confer personal jurisdiction of our courts over the defendant. Castleberry v. Gold Agency, 124 Ga. App. 694 ( 185 S.E.2d 557) (1971); O'Neal Steel v. Smith, 120 Ga. App. 106 ( 169 S.E.2d 827) (1969). In response, the legislature enacted subsection (c), Ga. L. 1970, p. 433, and this court disapproved of the Court of Appeals narrow construction of (b) in Coe Payne, supra. There, we held that "subsection (c) ... was obviously enacted to legislatively `get around' the legal reasoning on which the decisions in O'Neal Steel v. Smith, 120 Ga. App. 106 ( 169 S.E.2d 827) [1969] and Castleberry v. Gold Agency, 124 Ga. App. 694 ( 185 S.E.2d 557) [1971] were based." Coe Payne, supra, p. 59. The General Assembly apparently approves of this interpretation of legislative intent for it has not again acted to amend these subsections.
"A court of this State may exercise personal jurisdiction over any nonresident, or his executor or administrator, as to a cause of action arising from any of the acts, omissions, ownership, use or possession enumerated in this section, in the same manner as if he were a resident of the State, if in person or through an agent, he:...(b) Commits a tortious act or omission within this State, except as to a cause of action for defamation of character arising from the act; or (c) Commits a tortious injury in this State caused by an act or omission outside this State, if the tortfeasor regularly does or solicits business, or engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue from goods used or consumed or services rendered in this State;..." Code Ann. § 24-113.1(b)(c).
"We have reviewed all the cases that we can locate on this subject, and we conclude that subsection (b) of our Long Arm Statute confers jurisdiction in the situation where the negligence occurred outside the State of Georgia and the damage resulting therefrom occurred inside the State of Georgia. We adopt the Illinois Rule." Coe Payne, supra, p. 61.
Furthermore, we note that limitations similar to those present in subsection (c) are constitutionally mandated under subsection (b). A nonresident defendant is subject to the jurisdiction of the Georgia courts only if he has established "minimum contacts" in this state so that the exercise of jurisdiction is consistent with "`traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'" International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945). Accord, Timberland Equipment Ltd. v. Jones, 146 Ga. App. 589 ( 246 S.E.2d 709) (1978) (cert. den.); Jet America v. Gates Learjet Corp., 145 Ga. App. 258 ( 243 S.E.2d 584) (1978), revd. on other grounds, 242 Ga. 307 ( 248 S.E.2d 676) (1978); Value Engineering Co. v. Gisell, 140 Ga. App. 44 ( 230 S.E.2d 29) (1976) (cert. den.); Shellenberger v. Tanner, 138 Ga. App. 399 ( 227 S.E.2d 266) (1976) (cert den.); Shearouse v. Paul Miller Ford Co., 127 Ga. App. 639 ( 194 S.E.2d 585) (1972). We thus conclude that there is no essential difference between subsections (b) and (c). The judgment of the Court of Appeals affirming the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the nonresident third-party defendant is affirmed. See Value Engineering Co. v. Gisell, supra.
Judgments affirmed. All the Justices concur, except Hall and Marshall, JJ., who dissent.