Opinion
Decided October 22, 1931.
Contracts — Fraud in inducement admissible when properly pleaded — Representations that buyer's picture and biography would be included in book — Directed verdict — Motions by plaintiff and defendant — Jury trial waived by defeated party not requesting submission to jury — Evidence sustained court's finding fraudulent representations inducing contract.
1. Fraud going to the inducement of a contract may be shown where properly pleaded.
2. That contract for set of books was procured by fraudulent representation that defendant's picture and biography would be contained in books held good defense to action on contract.
3. Where, after plaintiff and defendant had moved for directed verdict, court had granted defendant's motion, plaintiff's failure to request court to submit case to jury was waiver of right to go to jury.
4. Evidence held to support court's finding that contract had been procured by fraudulent representation that books would contain defendant's picture and biography.
ERROR: Court of Appeals for Stark county.
Mr. W.A. Summit, for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Black, McCuskey, Ruff Souers and Mr. A.B. Arbaugh, for defendant in error.
This action had its inception in the municipal court of the city of Canton, wherein the S.J. Clarke Publishing Company was the plaintiff, seeking by its petition to recover upon a written contract for the sale of a set of books. In that court an adverse judgment was rendered against plaintiff, who then appealed the cause to the court of common pleas, where it was again tried, and the same result followed.
To the petition as filed in this case the defendant, Lawrence S. Mann, made answer, setting up two defenses, the first being a general denial, and the second setting up the defense that the defendant's signature to the contract was procured through misrepresentation and fraud, in that his signature to the contract was procured under promise that his picture and a short biography would be contained in the books.
To this second defense the plaintiff filed a general demurrer, and the court of common pleas overruled the same. It is alleged that in this the court erred and that the demurrer should have been sustained.
We believe it to be well settled in this state that fraud or misrepresentation, going to the inducement of a contract, may always be shown under a proper pleading. Now in the case at bar we find this defense to have been well pleaded, and for that reason the demurrer was properly overruled. Testimony going to prove such a defense is not offered for the purpose of changing the terms of the written contract, but goes to the inducement which caused the opposite party to enter into the contract. We deem that the recitation of any authorities in support of this view is not necessary.
Coming now to the more serious errors complained of, we are advised from the record that the contract in question was offered in evidence during the testimony of the defendant, he having been called by the plaintiff for the purpose of cross-examination. It appears from his testimony that he admitted the execution of the contract and all matters necessary to establish a right of recovery in the plaintiff. Thereupon the plaintiff rested, and the defendant, to maintain the issues made by his second defense, testified to the inducements and promises made to him by the agent of the plaintiff, who procured his signature to the contract in question. From this testimony it is plain and clear that the promises and understanding between the plaintiff's agent and the defendant induced the defendant to enter into the contract of purchase of these books. The books themselves were then offered in evidence to show that the defendant's picture and biography were not contained therein.
This represents all the testimony offered by either party on the issues joined in this cause, and at the conclusion of all the testimony the plaintiff moved for an instructed verdict, and immediately thereafter, and while the first motion was before the court, the defendant also moved for an instructed verdict. And it appears that immediately thereafter the court remarked: "I will sustain the motion for the defendant. Prepare a verdict in favor of the defendant. Ladies and Gentleman of the Jury: There will be a directed verdict in favor of the defendant. You may sign it."
To this action of the court the plaintiff excepted, and immediately thereafter, the court, addressing counsel for plaintiff, stated: "Now, do you want a ruling on your motion?"
To this the plaintiff's counsel answered "Yes," and the court, in reply thereto, stated: "All right, motion for plaintiff overruled, with exceptions."
The record shows no further exceptions or requests, and the trial seems at that point to have come to a complete close.
The plaintiff in error contends that the court erred in sustaining the motion of the defendant, and that he should have sustained the motion of the plaintiff. That the court did not submit the issues to the jury is not complained of.
We believe that the questions raised in this suit are directly answered in the case of First National Bank v. Hayes Sons, 64 Ohio St. 100, 59 N.E. 893. In that case the Supreme Court, in the first proposition of the syllabus, lays down a rule which does not seem to have been deviated from under this particular state of facts in any later determination of that court. The syllabus referred to reads as follows:
"Where, at the conclusion of the evidence in a case, each party requests the court to instruct the jury to render a verdict in his favor, the parties thereby clothe the court with the functions of a jury, and where the party whose request is denied, does not thereupon request to go to the jury upon the facts, the verdict so rendered should not be set aside by a reviewing court, unless clearly against the weight of the evidence."
The court, on page 103 of 64 Ohio State, 59 N.E. 893, in discussing the matter before it said:
"The question then presented by the record is, not whether there was any evidence to support the plaintiff's claim, but whether upon the evidence adduced, the finding should have been for the defendant. And the question must be determined as if the case had been submitted to the jury upon the issues joined, without a direction to return a verdict for the defendant; for it is in fact the finding of the court upon the evidence submitted to it by the act of the parties, that is to be reviewed, and not whether there was some evidence tending to support the plaintiff's claim."
The failure and omission of the plaintiff, after the court had directed a verdict in favor of the defendant, to request the court to submit the issues in the case to the jury, must be and is in fact a waiver of the plaintiff's right to have the jury pass upon the evidence. The dual motions in this case fully clothe the court with the duties that ordinarily rest in the hands of the jury, and reviewing the evidence in this case we are unable to say that the judgment of the court on the motions, and the verdict of the jury, as instructed, are against the manifest weight of the evidence. In fact, it appears to us that the testimony of the defendant, offered on behalf of himself, fully proves that there was fraud and inducement in the procuring of this contract, and this testimony is not controverted or denied and must therefore stand as true.
It is the view of this court that there is no error, as disclosed by the record in this case, that is prejudicial to the rights of the plaintiff in error, and the judgment will therefore be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
LEMERT and MONTGOMERY, JJ., concur.