Opinion
Submitted June 14, 2000.
July 3, 2000.
In an action to recover damages for wrongful death and personal injuries, etc., the defendants Trism Specialized Carriers, Tri-State Motor Transit Co., and Charles Edward Alexander appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Suffolk County (Dunn, J.), dated January 14, 1999, which granted the plaintiffs' motion to strike their answer to the extent of precluding them from offering any testimony at the trial unless the defendant Charles Edward Alexander appeared for a deposition within a specified time.
Martin, Clearwater Bell, New York, N.Y. (Lisa Mudd, Patricia D'Alvia, and Michael B. Lehrman of counsel), for appellants.
Spota, O'Rourke, Ammerman Spreer, Hauppauge, N.Y. (Thomas J. Spota of counsel), for respondents.
Before: LAWRENCE J. BRACKEN, J.P., DANIEL W. JOY, WILLIAM C. THOMPSON, GLORIA GOLDSTEIN, SANDRA J. FEUERSTEIN, JJ.
DECISION ORDER
ORDERED that the order is modified by deleting the provision thereof granting the plaintiffs' motion to the extent of precluding the appellants from offering any testimony at the trial unless Charles Edward Alexander appears for a deposition and substituting therefor a provision granting the plaintiffs' motion to the extent of precluding the appellants from offering the testimony of Charles Edward Alexander at the trial unless he appears for a deposition at a time and place mutually agreeable to the parties, but in no event less than 30 days before the trial; as so modified, the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
We agree with the appellants that it was an improvident exercise of discretion for the Supreme Court to preclude them from offering any testimony at trial (see, Scardino v. Town of Babylon, 248 A.D.2d 371, 372). To invoke the drastic remedy of preclusion, which effectively results in the striking of a pleading, the court must determine that the party's failure to comply with a disclosure order was the result of willful, deliberate, and contumacious conduct or its equivalent (see, CPLR 3216; Vancott v. Great Atl. Pac. Tea Co., 271 A.D.2d 438; [2d Dept., Apr. 3, 2000]). The record does not support a finding that the appellants willfully and deliberately failed to produce the appellant Charles Edward Alexander for a deposition. Rather, the record shows that counsel for the appellants lost contact with Alexander, and that attempts by counsel and a private investigator to locate him were unsuccessful. There was no showing that the appellants were "guilty of a deliberately evasive, misleading and uncooperative course of conduct or a determined strategy of delay that would be deserving of the most vehement condemnation" (Forman v. Jamesway Corp., 175 A.D.2d 514, 515-516; Vancott v. Great Atl. Pac. Tea Co., supra).
The appropriate remedy in the event that the appellant Charles Edward Alexander cannot be located and deposed before the trial is to preclude his testimony at trial (see, Schrager v. Macy Co., 149 A.D.2d 331; Heyward v. Benyarko, 82 A.D.2d 751).