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holding that the district court properly dismissed the plaintiff's action challenging the constitutionality of the Washington State Bar Association's mandatory membership and dues requirements, citing Keller and Lathrop
Summary of this case from Boudreaux v. La. State Bar Ass'nOpinion
No. 17-35410
03-23-2018
ROBERT E. CARUSO; SANDRA L. FERGUSON, Esquire, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. WASHINGTON STATE BAR ASSOCIATION 1933, a legislatively created Washington association, State Bar Act (WSBA 1933); et al., Defendants-Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 2:17-cv-00003-RSM MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington
Ricardo S. Martinez, Chief Judge, Presiding Before: LEAVY, M. SMITH, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Robert E. Caruso appeals from the district court's judgment dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action seeking declaratory and injunctive relief. Sandra L. Ferguson appeals pro se from the district court's order denying her motion to vacate the judgment and to amend the first amended complaint. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Thompson v. Paul, 547 F.3d 1055, 1058-59 (9th Cir. 2008). We review for an abuse of discretion a denial of a motion under either Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) or Rule 60(b). Sch. Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah Cty., Or. v. ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1262 (9th Cir. 1993). We affirm.
As to Caruso, the district court properly dismissed the action because he failed to allege facts sufficient to state a plausible claim. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 681 (2009) (to avoid dismissal, "a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face" and conclusory allegations are not entitled to be assumed true) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)); Keller v. State Bar of Cal., 496 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1990) (state bar association may constitutionally fund activities germane to the goals of regulating the legal profession and improving the quality of legal services out of the mandatory dues of all members); Lathrop v. Donohue, 367 U.S. 820, 843 (1961) (Brennan, J., plurality opinion) (state bar association may constitutionally require mandatory membership and dues without impinging on protected rights of association); Rosenthal v. Justices of the Superior Court of Cal., 910 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1990) ("The lawyer subject to discipline is entitled to procedural due process, including notice and an opportunity to be heard." (citing In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 550 (1968))); see also Wash. Rev. Code § 2.48.050 (2018) (authorizing board of governors of the Washington State Bar Association to adopt rules "concerning membership . . . [and] the enrollment and privileges of membership").
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying leave to amend because amendment would have been futile. See Chappel v. Lab. Corp. of Am., 232 F.3d 719, 725-26 (9th Cir. 2000) (setting forth standard of review and explaining that "[a] district court acts within its discretion to deny leave to amend when amendment would be futile").
We reject as without merit Caruso's contentions of fraud upon the district court.
As to Ferguson, we lack jurisdiction to review the district court's judgment. After Ferguson voluntarily dismissed her timely appeal of the judgment, her subsequent Rule 59(e) motion did not toll the time to file an appeal. Thus, her amended notice of appeal is untimely as to the judgment. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A), 4(a)(4) (notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after entry of judgment or order appealed from; time to file an appeal runs from entry of the order disposing of timely post-judgment tolling motion); United States v. Arevalo, 408 F.3d 1233, 1236-37 (9th Cir. 2005) (once an appellant voluntarily dismisses her appeal, this court lacks jurisdiction unless appellant moves to reinstate within the time limits for a notice of appeal or seeks an extension of time from the district court to re-file the notice of appeal); Stephanie-Cardona LLC v. Smith's Food & Drug Ctrs., Inc., 476 F.3d 701, 703 (9th Cir. 2007) ("A timely notice of appeal is a non-waivable jurisdictional requirement.").
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Ferguson's post-judgment motion to vacate judgment and amend pleading because Ferguson failed to demonstrate any basis for relief. See Sch. Dist. No. 1J, 5 F.3d at 1262-63 (grounds for relief under Rule 59 or Rule 60); Lindauer v. Rogers, 91 F.3d 1355, 1357 (9th Cir. 1996) ("[O]nce judgment has been entered in a case, a motion to amend the complaint can only be entertained if the judgment is first reopened under a motion brought under Rule 59 or 60.").
We do not consider matters not specifically and distinctly raised and argued in the opening brief. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).
Defendants' motion to take judicial notice (Docket Entry No. 40) is denied as unnecessary.
AFFIRMED.