Summary
holding that the defendant's reference to the plaintiff's insurance was not reversible error where the plaintiff had testified that he lost his insurance when he lost his job, shortly before the car accident at issue
Summary of this case from Morey v. ArensOpinion
Docket No. 10243.
Decided January 18, 1972. Leave to appeal denied, 387 Mich. 767.
Appeal from Wayne, Charles S. Farmer, J. Submitted Division 1 November 10, 1971, at Detroit. (Docket No. 10243.) Decided January 18, 1972. Leave to appeal denied, 387 Mich. 767.
Complaint by Peter and Dorothy Cacavas against Christine Bennett and Interstate Trucking Corporation for damages resulting from an automobile accident. Settlement reached with defendant Bennett. Judgment for defendants. Plaintiffs appeal. Affirmed.
Ostrowski, Wilson Belanger (by Ray H. Boman), for plaintiffs.
Davidson, Gotshall, Kohl, Nelson, Secrest, Wardle Lynch, for defendant Interstate Trucking Company.
This litigation arose out of an accident involving three automobiles and one truck, the occurrence of which took place early on December 23, 1964, while the parties were travelling west on Edsel Ford Expressway near Cass Avenue in the City of Detroit, Michigan.
Suit was brought by the plaintiffs against the two named defendants, but before the case was submitted to the jury, Miss Bennett made a settlement in the amount of $10,000 and was released completely of further liability. The jury returned a verdict of no cause of action as to both parties. Therefore, this appeal involves only the plaintiffs and the defendant Interstate Trucking Corporation.
Four different issues are raised for our consideration.
I. Did the trial court commit reversible error in permitting plaintiff to be cross-examined with regard to other litigation instituted by plaintiff?
In the instant case plaintiff claimed loss of wages due to injuries sustained in the accident. In the cross-examination of plaintiff by counsel for defendant truck company, it was brought out that plaintiff had been discharged by his employer, General Motors, shortly prior to the accident, and that plaintiff had commenced suit against General Motors Corporation and his union local for lost wages for what plaintiff alleged to be a wrongful discharge. Plaintiff objected to such testimony on the ground of relevancy. The trial court permitted the questioning regarding the other litigation, since it tended to impeach plaintiff's alleged claim of lost wages due to the accident.
On appeal plaintiffs admit that the evidence of the other litigations involving similar claims may be brought out on cross-examination for impeachment purposes. See Schwartz v. Triff, 2 Mich. App. 379 (1966); Hanik v. Wilczynski, 33 Mich. App. 268 (1971). Plaintiffs, however, assert that since the parties involved in these other suits might well have some connection with the jurors, plaintiffs were thereby prejudiced. There is no merit to this claim. Not only did plaintiffs not move for a mistrial below, but also, their claim on appeal fails to rise above mere speculation and is unsupported by any authority. It is axiomatic that appellate review requires presentation of arguments and authority rather than conclusory speculation. Absent such citation of authority and presentation of compelling arguments, this Court will not review the issue. Consumers Power Company v. Reich, 31 Mich. App. 138 (1971); Grove v. Story Oldsmobile, Inc, 31 Mich. App. 613 (1971).
II. Did the trial court commit reversible error by admitting into evidence medical records regarding plaintiff's health?
The medical records in question were records which were kept by plaintiff's employer in the regular course of business. Plaintiffs assert that they should not have been admitted into evidence because they were hearsay. This issue is without merit. It was established that the records were kept in the ordinary course of business by the employer; therefore, the records were clearly admissible under the business exception to the hearsay rule. MCLA 600.2146; MSA 27A.2146; Jackson v. Gregory, 32 Mich. App. 301 (1971). We might also point out that each of the offered records were signed by the plaintiff Peter Cacavas.
III. Did the trial court commit reversible error by charging the jury as to contributory negligence, but failing to charge as to subsequent negligence?
Contributory negligence was pled in the answers of the defendants and set forth in their pretrial statements. The testimony, while controverted, would support a finding of contributory negligence. It was, therefore, proper to charge the jury as to contributory negligence.
While plaintiffs' counsel did mention in passing the possibility of subsequent negligence on the part of the defendant truck company, he did not request a charge as to the doctrine of subsequent negligence, nor did he object with any specificity to the omission of such a charge. Since GCR 1963, 516.2 requires that an objection be set forth with some degree of specificity before alleged errors in the giving of instructions will be heard on review, we hold that the error alleged herein was not properly preserved for appellate review. See Linendoll v. Te Paske, 327 Mich. 129, 136, 137 (1950); Kotila v. McGinty, 28 Mich. App. 396 (1970).
IV. Did reversible error result from the inquiry by defense counsel as to the nature and extent of plaintiffs' hospital and automobile insurance coverage?
Plaintiffs assert that reversible error resulted from allowing defense counsel to bring out that plaintiff husband was covered under plaintiff wife's Blue Cross insurance policy, and that plaintiff husband received certain sums under the medical coverage of his automobile insurance policy. While plaintiffs' counsel repeatedly objected to the testimony regarding the wife's Blue Cross policy, no objection was made to the testimony regarding the medical coverage under the automobile policy; in fact counsel for plaintiffs took advantage of the opportunity and questioned the representative of the automobile underwriter concerning the reports on the nature of the injury.
To put the situation confronting defense counsel at the time he brought out these matters in a proper perspective, it is necessary to mention the nature of the evidence which plaintiff had previously brought out. Plaintiff, on direct examination, testified that when he was discharged from his job shortly prior to the accident he lost his Blue Cross coverage. Further, plaintiffs' doctor testified that plaintiff was not hospitalized because "he didn't have any insurance or any money". Defense counsel was thus confronted with the situation whereby the jury was led to believe that plaintiffs were poverty stricken and bereft of any means to secure hospitalization. To the end of rebutting that inference raised by plaintiffs, defense counsel brought out that plaintiff husband had his wife's Blue Cross coverage available to him and that he had received compensation under the medical coverage of the automobile policy.
By statute, reference to available insurance coverage is not to be made by any party. MCLA 500.3030; MSA 24.13030. It has been repeatedly held that it is reversible error to intentionally interject the subject of insurance if the sole purpose is to inflame the passions of the jury so as to increase the size of the verdict. See Felice v. Weinman, 372 Mich. 278 (1964); Benmark v. Steffen, 374 Mich. 155 (1965); Cartier v. Young, 31 Mich. App. 151 (1971). On the other hand, it is not reversible error if the subject is only incidentally brought into the trial, is only casually mentioned, or is used in good faith for purposes other than to inflame the passions of the jury. Morris v. Montgomery, 229 Mich. 509 (1924); Sutzer v. Allen, 236 Mich. 1 (1926); White v. Makela, 304 Mich. 425 (1943); Watroba v. Detroit, 334 Mich. 182 (1952); Broitman v. Kohn, 16 Mich. App. 400 (1969).
Clearly, in the instant case, the purpose was not to inflame the passions of the jury; but rather, the purpose was to quench the passions improperly inflamed by plaintiffs' attempt to paint a picture of abject destitution. While we deplore the fact that the question of insurance was ever allowed to be brought before the jury, whatever prejudice was raised was clearly initiated by plaintiffs' original opening of the subject. Since plaintiffs opened the subject, they are now estopped from claiming error. See Broitman v. Kohn, supra.
Affirmed. Costs to the appellee.
All concurred.