Summary
In Burns v Auto-Owners Ins Co, 88 Mich. App. 663; 279 N.W.2d 43 (1979), one panel of this Court found that the rule of expressio unius est exclusio alterius required a finding that "may" as used in the statute meant "shall".
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Docket No. 78-1470.
Decided February 20, 1979.
Sinas, Dramis, Brake, Turner, Boughton, McIntyre Reisig, P.C. (by John F. Rohe), for plaintiff.
Fraser, Trebilcock, Davis Foster (by C. Mark Hoover), for defendant.
Plaintiff Elroy Burns appeals the entry of accelerated judgment for defendant Auto-Owners Insurance Company. GCR 1963, 116.1(5).
The trial court ruled that plaintiff's claim for personal injury protection insurance benefits from defendant, which claim arose out of a June 3, 1975, accident, was barred by the no-fault law's statute of limitations. MCL 500.3145(1); MSA 24.13145(1). Plaintiff argues that this statutory provision is not a statute of limitations but a notice provision.
We agree with the reasoning of a panel of this Court in the recent case of Davis v Farmers Insurance Group of Companies, 86 Mich. App. 45; 272 N.W.2d 334 (1978), and hold that the statute is a one-year statute of limitations.
We also reject plaintiff's argument that notice to the insurer may be given by someone other than the claimant or someone in behalf of the claimant. The statute provides, in pertinent part, that:
"The notice of injury required by this subsection may be given to the insurer or any of its authorized agents by a person claiming to be entitled to benefits therefor, or by someone in his behalf. The notice shall give the name and address of the claimant and indicate in ordinary language the name of the person injured and the time, place and nature of his injury."
As noted by the Davis panel, MCL 500.3145(1) is a "one-year statute of limitations, with a provision enabling claimants [or someone in their behalf] to extend the period for up to one additional year by giving notice". Davis, supra, at 48. Although use of the word "may" generally denotes a directory or discretionary, rather than a mandatory, provision, King v Director of Midland County Dep't of Social Services, 73 Mich. App. 253, 261 fn 5; 251 N.W.2d 270 (1977), in certain instances the context indicates that "may" has the effect of "must" or "shall". 2A Sutherland on Statutory Construction (4th ed), § 57.03, pp 415-416. The rule of expressio unius est exclusio alterius has long been applied in Michigan and aids in determining whether a statutory provision shall be construed as mandatory or permissive. Taylor v Michigan Public Utilities Commission, 217 Mich. 400; 186 N.W. 485 (1922), 2A Sutherland, supra, § 57.10, p 428.
We find that the Legislature intended to provide for the exclusive method by which notice can be given to the insurer so as to extend the one-year limitations period. If, as plaintiff argues, notice may be given by anyone, the Legislature would have had no apparent reason to specify that notice "may be given * * * by a person claiming * * * benefits * * * or by someone in his behalf". The Legislature is presumed to have a purpose in mind in inserting every clause and word in a statute. Wyandotte Savings Bank v State Banking Commissioner, 347 Mich. 33, 44; 78 N.W.2d 612 (1956).
This statute does not deal with notice clauses in insurance contracts. Cf. MCL 500.3008; MSA 24.13008. As noted by the Davis panel, the statute's purpose is not to protect litigants who may be unaware of a notice provision but who nevertheless bring their claims within the limitations period, but rather to encourage claimants or persons acting in their behalf to bring their claims to court while those claims are still fresh. To hold that mere notice, from whatever source, of an accident which could possibly give rise to a claim for benefits by a noninsured is sufficient would, we think, thwart this legislative purpose.
See Richards v American Fellowship Mutual Ins Co, 84 Mich. App. 629; 270 N.W.2d 670 (1978), where a panel of this Court interpreted the notice to the insurer as a "request for payment". Id. at 632. The Court's analysis of the issue involved in Richards indicates that the Legislature included two ways to extend the one-year period so that the claimant's right to bring an action for recovery of benefits will not be cut off during certain periods when the insurer should be or actually is assessing its liability. Unless the insurer receives notice from the claimant or someone acting in behalf of the claimant there is no reason to assume that the insurer will or should begin to assess its liability under the insurance contract with its insured. The statute clearly contemplates that the identity of the "claimant" be given.
Entry of accelerated judgment for defendant is affirmed.