Summary
In Stafford the unlawful furnishing of inspection stickers constituted a "faulty inspection" and the Court found that the recording violation, that is the Employer's actions of allowing a non-certified mechanic to sign the inspection forms, encouraged these "faulty inspections," and therefore the issuance of inspection stickers unlawfully. Under prior law the inspection mechanic was required to record the information on the inspection record himself.
Summary of this case from Dept. of Transportation v. SortinoOpinion
Argued October 7, 1976
January 12, 1977.
Motor vehicles — Suspension of certificate of appointment as motor vehicle inspection mechanic — Suspension of certificate of appointment to operate a motor vehicle inspection station — Scope of appellate review — Error of law — Substantial evidence — Necessity for findings of fact — The Vehicle Code, Act 1959, April 29, P.L. 58 — Delegation of statutory duty — Violations by employes — Burden of proof — Knowledge of violation — Improper supervision.
1. Review by the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania of a decision of a court of common pleas which had acted as fact-finder is to determine whether the findings of fact were unsupported by substantial evidence or an error of law was committed. [159]
2. In vehicle inspection cases the court of common pleas must make specific findings of fact, but the opinion of the court containing factual statements may suffice as findings so as to avoid the necessity of remand. [159-60]
3. The certificate of appointment as a motor vehicle inspection mechanic is properly suspended when it is shown that the certificate holder violated provisions of The Vehicle Code, Act 1959, April 29, P.L. 58, and regulations thereunder by delegating to others the duty to record inspection data on the prescribed form. [160-1]
4. The certificate of appointment to operate a motor vehicle inspection station is properly suspended when employes of the certificate holder violate relevant provisions of The Vehicle Code, Act 1959, April 29, P.L. 58, and regulations thereunder, and the employer fails to prove that he did not know and could not reasonably have known of such violations. [161-2]
5. The holder of a certificate of appointment to operate a motor vehicle inspection station who fails to supervise the use of his allotment of stickers is chargeable with acts of illegal sticker distribution committed by his general manager when he would have known of such violation if he had performed the required supervision. [162]
Argued October 7, 1976, before Judges MENCER, ROGERS and BLATT, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeals, Nos. 1815 and 1816 C.D. 1975, from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County in cases of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Joseph Stafford, No. 909 August Term, 1975; and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. William J. Palo, No. 910 August Term, 1975.
Motor vehicle inspection station certificate of appointment and certification as official inspection mechanic suspended by Director of the Bureau of Traffic Safety. Certificate holders appealed to the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County. Suspension action affirmed. HIRSH, J. Certificate holders appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Stanley A. Uhr, with him James D. Rosen, Walter Lazaroff, and Pechner, Dorfman, Wolffe Rounick, for appellants.
John L. Heaton, Assistant Attorney General, with him Robert W. Cunliffe, Deputy Attorney General, and Robert P. Kane, Attorney General, for appellee.
Joseph Stafford and William J. Palo bring separate appeals to this Court from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County which upheld one-year suspensions of Stafford's Certificate of Appointment to operate a motor vehicle inspection station and of Palo's Certification as an Official Inspection Mechanic. These appeals relate to the same incident and have been consolidated before this Court.
After a hearing de novo on the Bureau of Traffic Safety's suspension orders, the lower court issued a memorandum opinion concluding that Stafford and Palo had violated Section 819(f) of The Vehicle Code (Code) which then provided, in part:
Act of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58, as amended, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 819(f). The violations here occurred prior to the enactment of the new Vehicle Code, Act of June 17, 1976, P.L. ___, No. 81.
(f) It shall be unlawful for any person to furnish, give or sell to any owner or operator of a motor vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer, or to any other person, or to place in or on any such vehicle a certificate of inspection and approval, unless an official inspection of its mechanism and equipment shall have been made, and the vehicle conforms with the provisions of this act. It shall be unlawful for any such designated official inspection station to furnish, loan, give or sell a certificate or certificates of inspection and approval to any other such designated official inspection station or any other persons, except those entitled to receive them under the provisions of this act.
In cases in which the court of common pleas is the fact-finder, our scope of review is limited to a determination of whether or not the court based its findings of fact on substantial evidence or committed an error of law. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Kobaly, 22 Pa. Commw. 46, 347 A.2d 759 (1975). Although the court below failed to make specific findings and conclusions of law, as we have directed should be done in vehicle inspection cases, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Verna, 23 Pa. Commw. 260, 351 A.2d 694 (1976), its opinion includes statements which constitute findings and we do not believe, therefore, that it is necessary here to remand. See Commonwealth v. Marini, 25 Pa. Commw. 207, 360 A.2d 263 (1976).
The charges of unlawfully furnishing motor vehicle inspection stickers arose from a State Police investigation which revealed that Herbert Watson, General Manager of Stafford's Auto Body, Inc., had affixed inspection certificates to three automobiles although he was not certified to do so. Watson admitted that without authorization from the owner, Joseph Stafford, or from the only certified mechanic, William Palo, he had taken the stickers and had instructed the secretary-bookkeeper to record their use on the official TS431 report form using Palo's initials. After Stafford was informed of this activity by the State Police, both Watson and the secretary-bookkeeper were dismissed.
Palo contends that he should not be held responsible for the unauthorized use of his initials and that the record contains no evidence to sustain a finding that he had illegally furnished certificates of inspection. The court below, however, accurately stated that "Palo admitted to a course of conduct in which he delegated to other persons the duty to record all information on the TS431 form" and properly concluded that by routinely permitting the secretary-bookkeeper to place his initials on the form Palo had violated Department of Transportation Regulations and, further, that such actions constituted "improper and unlawful inspections in violation of Section 819(f)." Palo's admitted failure to record all inspection information personally undoubtedly facilitated the unauthorized use of inspection stickers and reduced the chance that such use would be immediately discovered. We believe, therefore, that Palo's suspension here was proper.
Section 5.17 of the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety Regulations (Regulations), 3 Pa. B. 2866, reads:
A. It is important to note that fraudulent recording of inspection report sheets is caused [ sic] for immediate suspension of inspection privileges.
1. The inspection mechanic must record the correct information on the proper report form and place of [sic] signature in the appropriate column.
Although we agree with the appellant that Section 819(f) specifically prohibits the furnishing of stickers without a proper inspection and does not, on its face, prohibit a mechanic from delegating the duty of recording information, we are unable to point to any other section of the Code which prohibits procedures which violate the Department's Regulations. Section 819(b) directs the secretary to suspend a certificate of appointment if "the business of an official inspection station . . . is being improperly conducted," but it does not refer to suspensions of certifications as official inspection mechanics. Nevertheless, we believe that when an inspection mechanic deviates from procedures mandated by the Regulations he has not performed an "official inspection" and thereby violates Section 819(f) in issuing a certificate. See Commonwealth v. Harshaw, 28 Pa. D. C.2d 212 (1962).
Stafford argues that his Certificate of Appointment cannot be suspended for violations of the Code committed by his employes without his knowledge and cites the exculpatory language of Section 819(b) of the Code, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 819(b):
Provided, however, That if the servant or employe of any such inspection station shall without the authorization, knowledge or consent of his employer, violate any of the provisions of this act in reference to the inspection of vehicles, such violation or violations shall not be the cause of the suspension of the certificate of appointment, as herein provided, but such employe shall be subject to prosecution as hereinafter provided.
A violation of Section 819(f) of the Code has been admitted and, therefore, the employer bears the burden of bringing himself within this exception. Commonwealth v. W. J. Harris and Son, 403 Pa. 598, 170 A.2d 591 (1961). The lower court determined that Stafford failed to meet this burden and found that he "knew or should have known" that a violation of the Code had occurred. Under Section 10.1(G) of the Regulations, responsibility for inspection sticker security ultimately rests with the owner:
3 Pa. B. 2874.
G. Inspection stickers must be kept under lock and key in a safe place. The station owner and/or operator is solely responsible for their safety and must be able to account for all stickers issued to their station.
It can be inferred, therefore, that Stafford, the owner-operator of the inspection station, failed to supervise the use of the company's allotment of stickers as he was required to do and that had he done so he would have known about their unauthorized use. Although the record contains no evidence on which the lower court could base a finding that he actually "knew" of the illegal activities, we believe that the court could properly conclude that Stafford "should have known" that Watson had unlawfully issued stickers. Furthermore, we are unpersuaded that Section 819(b) permits an owner-operator to escape liability for an act of his own general manager, particularly where the manager could not have stolen the inspection stickers without being discovered if the proprietor had conformed to the Regulations. The lower court made findings substantiated by the evidence, and we will not disturb its conclusions of law based on those findings.
Under the circumstances, we believe that the suspension of Stafford's Certificate of Appointment and of Palo's Certification as an Official Inspection Mechanic were justified, and we affirm.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 12th day of January, 1977, the suspension of Joseph Stafford's Certificate of Appointment and William Palo's Certification as an Official Inspection Mechanic are affirmed. The supersedeas orders of December 10, 1975 are herewith dissolved, and Joseph Stafford and William Palo are ordered to surrender the aforementioned certificates to the Department of Transportation, as ordered by the Director of the Bureau of Traffic Safety, for a period of one year.