Opinion
06-CV-0057S(Sr).
September 30, 2008
DECISION AND ORDER
This case was referred to the undersigned by the Hon. William M. Skretny, in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A), for all pretrial matters, and for hearing and disposition of all non-dispositive motions or applications. Dkt. #6.
Currently before the Court are defendants' motions seeking to strike those portions of plaintiffs' first amended complaint which are in violation of this Court's Decision and Order (Dkt. #182), entered September 28, 2007, which granted in part and denied in part plaintiffs' motion to file an amended complaint. Dkt. ##186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 194. Following that decision, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting the following causes of action:
(1) violation of Lula Baity's constitutional right to procedural due process for defendants' failure to initiate guardianship proceedings;
(2) commission of a fraud upon Lula Baity by defendants Giwa, Merrill, Dr. Lawler and Dr. Chau;
(3) seizure, detention and false imprisonment of Lula Baity in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution;
(4) violation of Lula Baity's constitutional right to procedural due process with respect to her removal from her apartment and confinement at the Erie County Medical Center ("ECMC"), and Grace Manor Health Care Facility, Inc. ("Grace Manor");
(5) invasion of Lula Baity's constitutional right to privacy;
(6) assault and battery upon Lula Baity;
(7) malicious civil eviction proceeding against Lula Baity;
(8) abuse of the judicial process against Lula Baity;
(9) deprivation of Lula Baity's property without due process of law;
(10) medical malpractice against Lula Baity by Dr. Lawler, Dr. Chau, Dr. Ligott, Dr. Rados and Dr. Blume; and
(11) retaliation against Carmen Britt for exercise of her constitutional right to petition the Court in redress of grievances.
Defendants collectively seek to strike 81 paragraphs of plaintiffs' 153-paragraph complaint, to wit, paragraphs 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 38, 40, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151 152.
Dkt. #185. Plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages for emotional distress and mental anguish, as well as pecuniary damages. Dkt. #185.
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Rule 12(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that the Court "may strike from a pleading an insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter." However, motions to strike "are generally disfavored and will not be granted unless the matter asserted clearly has no bearing on the issue in dispute." Smith v. AVSC Intern'l, Inc., 148 F. Supp.2d 302, 317 (S.D.N.Y. 2002). "To prevail in such a motion, defendants must demonstrate that (1) no evidence in support of the allegations would be admissible; (2) that the allegations have no bearing on the issues in the case; and (3) that to permit the allegations to stand would result in prejudice to the movant." Roe v. City of New York, 151 F. Supp.2d 495, 510 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) (internal quotation omitted). "Inappropriately hyperbolic allegations, ill-conceived attempts at levity, and other similar manifestations of bad judgment in drafting pleadings, by themselves, fall short of the threshold that Rule 12(f) contemplates." Saylavee LLC v. Hockler, 228 F.R.D. 425, 426 (D. Conn. 2005). Concerns that a jury may be prejudiced by allegations in a complaint are also insufficient, as the Court does not submit pleadings to a jury in civil cases. See National Council of Young Israel v. Wolf, 963 F. Supp. 276, 282 (S.D.N.Y. 1997). A motion to strike is committed to the Court's discretion. Morse v. Weingarten, 777 F. Supp. 312, 319 (S.D.N.Y. 1991).Non-Parties Stadelmeyer, Dudkowski and Lindner
In its Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint, the Court determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for gross negligence and malpractice (other than medical malpractice), against Jill Stadelmeyer, the Certified Social Worker employed by Crisis Services Emergency Outreach Services ("Crisis Services"), who requested Ms. Baity's transport to ECMC. See Dkt. #182, pp. 19-20. The Court similarly determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for gross negligence and malpractice (other than medical malpractice), against Michael Dudkowski and Christy Lindner, the ambulance drivers for Rural/Metro Medical Service ("Rural/Metro), who transported Lula Baity to ECMC. See Dkt. #182, pp. 20-21. As a result, defendants seek to eliminate any mention of Ms. Stadelmeyer, Mr. Dudkowski and Christy Lindner in the factual allegations of the first amended complaint. See paragraphs 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26. However, the involvement of these individuals in the transportation of Lula Baity to ECMC is relevant to the issues to be resolved in this action regardless of the viability of a cause of action against them. Accordingly, these factual allegations should not be stricken.
"Conspiracy" Paragraphs
In its Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint, the Court determined that plaintiffs could not assert a conspiracy pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3). See Dkt. #182, pp. 6-9. As a result of this determination, defendants appear to seek to strike any allegation which mentions any conversation with or interaction between more than one defendant and any cause of action based upon any such allegations, to wit, paragraphs 15, 17, 18, 24, 38, 40, 45, 85, 88, 124, 128, 130, 132, 142, 143, 148. For example, paragraph 45 alleges that the ECMC defendants, acting at the directive of Ms. Giwa, transferred Lula Baity to Grace Manor in violation of Lula Baity's procedural due process rights. Paragraph 85 alleges that Dr. Liggott, Dr. Rados, Dr. Blume, Dr. Lawler, Dr. Chau, ECMC and Grace manor owed a duty of reasonable care to Lula Baity. However, the factual allegations at issue in these paragraphs are obviously relevant to other causes of action and to plaintiffs' claim for damages. Accordingly, defendants' motions to strike these paragraphs are denied.
In contrast, paragraph 19 of plaintiffs' first amended complaint alleges that
In willfully participating in said plan in furtherance of the initial goals to permanently remove Ms. Baity from her home and confine her at defendant Grace Manor nursing home, defendants Giwa, Garbe, Gentner, Stephan, Randall, Matthews, Merrill, Mailloux, Drs. Ligott, Rados, Blume, Lawler and Chau (and non-parties Stadelmeyer, Paluh and Myers), willfully participated and/or acted in concert to violate Ms. Baity's constitutional rights. Moreover, Defendants' actions were indisputably part of the same course of conduct or common scheme or plan to violate Ms. Baity's constitutional rights and Defendants each committed an overt act in furtherance of said plan and initial goal causing plaintiff Baity injury and damage.
Dkt. #185, ¶ 19. As this paragraph can only be read as attempting to assert a cause of action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1985, the Court orders this paragraph stricken.
Paragraphs 20 21
Defendants complain that paragraph 20 of the first amended complaint fails to specify which defendants were allegedly acting within the scope of their employment and that paragraph 21 of the first amended complaint fails to specify which defendants were allegedly acting under color of state law. In fact, paragraphs 20 21 allege that the "individual named Defendants" were acting within the scope of their employment and under color of state law. The individual (as opposed to the corporate), defendants are free to deny these allegations, but the Court finds no basis to strike them.
Paragraph 28
Paragraph 28 of the first amended complaint alleges that
Defendants Ligott, Rados and Blume, (and non-parties Stadelmeyer, Dudkowski, Lindner), were negligent and/or grossly negligent and rendered malpractice by failing to minimally ascertain, by taking a brief history or conduct minimal investigation, to validate defendant Giwa's representations and/or credentials as a "social worker," a bona fide person duly authorized to act under Mental Hygiene Law § 9.40-45.
Dkt. #185, ¶ 28. As set forth above, in its Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint, the Court determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for gross negligence and malpractice (other than medical malpractice), against Jill Stadelmeyer, Michael Dudkowski and Christy Lindner. See Dkt. #182, pp. 20-21. The Court also determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for negligence and gross negligence against Dr. Ligott, Dr. Rados and Dr. Blume. See Dkt. #182, pp. 17-18. Moreover, to the extent these individuals were relying upon the determination of Ms. Stadelmeyer to transport Lula Baity to ECMC, they were not under any obligation to ascertain any information regarding the credentials of Ms. Giwa. Accordingly, paragraph 28 of the first amended complaint is stricken.
Paragraph 31
Paragraph 31 of the first amended complaint alleges that "[t]he transport of Ms. Baity by [Rural/Metro] to ECMC did not comply with the transportation provisions of New York Mental Hygiene Law." Dkt. #185, ¶ 31. Defendants argue that these allegations should be stricken because Rural/Metro is not a party to this action. Although the fact that Rural/Metro employees transported Lula Baity to ECMC is relevant to an understanding of the factual circumstances surrounding this dispute, the allegation that Rural/Metro violated the New York Mental Hygiene Law is only relevant to a determination of liability against Rural/Metro. As they are not a party to this action, paragraph 31 of the first amended complaint is stricken.
Paragraphs 42 43
Paragraphs 51 52
See See
Paragraph 53
Paragraph 54
See See
Paragraphs 55-58
Paragraphs 61 62
See See
Medical Malpractice
In its Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint, the Court determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for negligence because any alleged negligence clearly occurred in the context of Ms. Baity's medical treatment, which requires a cause of action sounding in medical malpractice and that plaintiff could not assert a cause of action for gross negligence because there was no claim that Ms. Baity was abandoned. See Dkt. #182, pp. 14-16. Since medical malpractice is the cause of action for allegations of negligence by a medical provider, there is no basis to strike plaintiffs' factual assertion that Dr. Lawler Dr. Chau and Dr. Rados were negligent and breached their duty of reasonable care. In addition, although inartful, the Court interprets plaintiffs' factual allegation of gross negligence as an allegation supporting punitive damages. Contrary to counsel's characterization, the Court's Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint did not deny plaintiffs' claim for punitive damages. Accordingly, the Court declines to strike paragraphs 63, 86, 87 88.
See Dkt. #189, ¶ 39; Dkt. #190, ¶ 5.
Paragraphs 64-72
In its Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint, the Court determined that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for dental malpractice against Dr. Lawler because Dr. Lawler is not a dentist and that plaintiffs could not assert a cause of action for dental malpractice against Grace Manor because Grace Manor did not render dental treatment to Ms. Baity. See Dkt. #182, pp. 13-14. That does not, however, preclude plaintiffs from alleging that Dr. Lawler and/or other employees of Grace Manor improperly consented to the removal of Lula Baity's teeth by the dentist and/or altered medical records to falsely indicate Ms. Baity's consent to dental procedures. Accordingly, there is no basis to strike these allegations.
Paragraphs 89-96
Vague Ambiguous
Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires nothing more than that a pleading contain "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Rule 12(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applies when an allegation "is so vague or ambiguous that the party cannot reasonably prepare a response." None of the paragraphs complained of are so vague or ambiguous that defendants could not be expected to respond to them and the complaint clearly exceeds the level of detail required pursuant to Rule 8(a)(2). Accordingly, this aspect of defendants' motions is denied.
Identifying Defendants
Sixth Cause of Action — Assault and Battery
Tenth Cause of Action
Plaintiffs' tenth cause of action alleges that Dr. Lawler, Dr. Chau, Dr. Ligott, Dr. Rados and Dr. Blume performed medical malpractice against Lula Baity and that they acted in a manner constituting a gross and reckless disregard to their obligations to Lula Baity. Defendants seek to strike the allegations of gross negligence as violative of this Court's Decision and Order regarding plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint. In that Decision and Order, however, the Court denied plaintiffs' motion to assert a separate cause of action for gross negligence. See Dkt. #182, pp. 16-18 However, these allegations are relevant to plaintiffs' claim for punitive damages with respect to their medical malpractice cause of action. Accordingly, this aspect of defendants' motions to strike is denied.
First Joint Cause of Action
Remaining Paragraphs
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that defendants' motions to strike (Dkt. ##186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192 194), are granted in part and denied in part. Specifically, paragraphs 19, 28, 31, 133 134 of the first amended complaint are stricken and plaintiffs are granted permission to correct paragraphs 51, 52 54 and to identify by name each defendant included in plaintiffs' first, second, third, fourth, fifth and first joint cause of action. Plaintiffs shall file their second amended complaint, in accordance with this decision, no later than October 31, 2008.