Summary
In Brantley the Supreme Court of Alabama held that evidence of LSD and cocaine was relevant on the issue of whether the accused possessed marijuana for personal use and that the evidence showed the "complete story."
Summary of this case from Green v. StateOpinion
SC 925.
January 9, 1975.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Pike County, Riley P. Green, Jr., J.
William J. Baxley, Atty. Gen., and Sarah M. Greenhaw, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
Evidence tending to show commission of another crime other than acts charged in the indictment is admissible when relevant to the res gestae of the crime. Mason v. State, 259 Ala. 438, 66 So.2d 557; Grant v. State, 250 Ala. 164, 33 So.2d 466; Lowe v. State, 48 Ala. App. 740, 267 So.2d 529. Articles found at the scene of the crime which are properly identified and which tend to elucidate some matter in issue are admissible in evidence for inspection and observation by the jury. Morrow v. State, 52 Ala. App. 145, 290 So.2d 209. Evidence of distinct, criminal acts other than the act charged, is admissible to show motive, intent, scienter or identity. Garner v. State, 269 Ala. 531, 114 So.2d 385; Boggs v. State, 268 Ala. 358, 106 So.2d 263. No judgment may be reversed on the ground of improper admission of evidence unless it appears that the error has probably injuriously affected the substantial rights of accused. Rule 45, Revised Rules of Practice in the Supreme Court.
No brief for respondent.
The defendant was indicted for possession of marijuana, a felony. He was convicted of possessing it for personal use, a misdemeanor. Title 22 § 258(47), Code of Alabama 1940. The Court of Criminal Appeals reversed and remanded, holding that the admission of LSD tablets and a packet of Cocaine powder found in defendant's home along with the marijuana was prejudicial error. This Court granted the State's petition for writ of certiorari to review that holding.
The only question presented is whether the admission of the LSD and Cocaine into evidence was prejudicial error. We hold that it was not, under the facts and circumstances of this case.
The Court of Criminal Appeals, 55 Ala. App. 493, 317 So.2d 337, in holding the admission of the LSD and Cocaine to be reversible error, said:
"These 'hard drugs or other controlled substances,' i. e., the LSD tablets and Cocaine powder, have no relevancy to the character of the drug here at issue. Tadlock v. State, 45 Ala. App. 246, 228 So.2d 859; Parks v. State, 49 Ala. App. 32, 268 So.2d 498, cert. denied 289 Ala. 749, 268 So.2d 501; Van Nostrand v. State, 51 Ala. App. 494, 286 So.2d 903, cert. denied 291 Ala. 799, 286 So.2d 906."
Generally, evidence of other separate and distinct criminal acts is inadmissible, since the only facts laid before the jury should consist exclusively of the transaction which forms the subject matter of the indictment, which alone the defendant is called upon to answer. Hinton v. State, 280 Ala. 48, 189 So.2d 849 (1966). There is, however, a well-recognized exception to this general rule. In Garner v. State, 269 Ala. 531, 114 So.2d 385 (1959), this Court said:
"* * * Evidence of other distinct criminal acts is admissible when relevant to the crime charged, as bearing on scienter, intent, motive, res gestae, or to establish the identity of the accused (and perhaps as bearing on the issue of insanity when that defense is pleaded in the case. — See 'The Law of Evidence in Alabama' by Honorable J. Russell McElroy, § 61, pp. 19-20; 1 Wharton's 'Criminal Evidence', 10th Ed., p. 156, § 41.) The authorities also recognize such an exception to show system or plan usually to identify the accused or to show intent. Wharton's, supra, p. 146, § 39. But even under the exceptions noted they or one of them is admissible only when the evidence is relevant to the crime charged. Noble v. State, 253 Ala. 519, 45 So.2d 857."
In Morrow v. State, 52 Ala. App. 145, 290 So.2d 209 (1973), the Court of Criminal Appeals allowed the introduction of marijuana into evidence in a prosecution for possession of LSD. Except for the fact that in Morrow the marijuana was in the same pouch as the LSD, the other facts of Morrow are not materially different from the facts here.
Apparantly, this Court has not ruled on the question of the admissibility of other controlled drugs, which are found at one time at the scene of a crime, where the accused is charged with the possession, sale or use of drugs. Other states have considered the question, however.
In Miller v. State, 469 S.W.2d 180 (Tex.Cr.App. 1971), the court held that three barbiturate capsules and two handrolled cigarettes, plus a packet and balloon containing heroin, found by narcotic officers at the time they entered defendant's apartment, pursuant to a valid search warrant, where admissible in a prosecution for the offense of possessing heroin. The Court said that other "illegal drugs or narcotics found at the same time and place are admissible, as they are part of the res gestae of the offense."
Similarly, in Tyra v. State, 496 S.W.2d 75 (Tex.Cr.App.) cert. denied 414 U.S. 1009, 94 S.Ct. 371, 38 L.Ed.2d 247 (1973), a prosecution and conviction for possession of marijuana, officers searched defendant's apartment pursuant to valid warrant to find heroin and marijuana. They found large quantities of marijuana. In addition, officers found a scale, two "roach" holders, amadone pills, and three spoons and syringes which were shown to contain traces of heroin.
In Tyra, the accused contended that the introduction of the pills, spoons, and syringes was prejudicial, and that the items were not connected with the offense charged. The Court said that in a drug possession case, other illegal drugs found at the same time and place are admissible since they are part of the same transaction. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari. Arizona seems to permit the state to show the "complete story." See State v. Villavicencio, 95 Ariz. 199, 388 P.2d 245 (1964) [a drug possession case].
Brantley was charged with the offense of possessing marijuana, a felony. Possession of marijuana for personal use is a misdemeanor. The fact that Brantley possessed other drugs in the trailer where the marijuana was found and the fact that he had scales and a pipe would show the "complete story," and would be relevant on the issue on whether Brantley possessed marijuana with an intent other than for his personal use. The admission of the other drugs by the trial court was not erroneous in this case. The Court of Criminal Appeals erred; therefore, its judgment is reversed and remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
MERRILL, BLOODWORTH, McCALL and JONES, JJ., concur.
HEFLIN, C. J., and COLEMAN, HARWOOD and FAULKNER, JJ., dissent.