Summary
In Borisoff v. Penn Fruit Co., 165 Pa. Super. 572, 69 A.2d 167 (1949), our Court stated, in reliance upon Sargeant v. Ayers, 358 Pa. 393, 395, 57 A.2d 881, 883 (1948): "On a question as to the appropriateness of a compulsory nonsuit, the pertinent inquiry is whether the plaintiff's negligence appears so irrefutably from the evidence in his own case that to permit a jury to absolve him in the circumstances would be to elevate caprice over legally conclusive fact...."
Summary of this case from Salomone v. Ford Motor Co.Opinion
October 4, 1949.
November 15, 1949.
Appeals — Review — Compulsory nonsuit — Evidence — Inferences — Contributory negligence.
1. A nonsuit can be entered only when it is inconceivable, on any reasonable hypothesis, that a mind desiring solely to reach a just and proper conclusion in accordance with the relevant governing principles of law, after viewing the evidence in the light most advantageous to the plaintiff could determine in his favor the controlling issues involved.
2. On appeal from refusal to take off a compulsory nonsuit, entered in a negligence case, in determining whether the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, the appellate court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to him and give him the benefit of every doubtful or obscure fact and the reasonable inferences that a jury might deduce from the evidence.
Negligence — Automobiles — Intersections — Vehicle obstructing view — Traffic signal — Evidence.
3. Where it appeared that plaintiff stopped his car at an intersection for a red traffic signal, with a line of cars following him, and with another vehicle to his left and just ahead of him; that, when the light turned green, plaintiff looked to his left but could not see in that direction on the intersecting street because of the vehicle to his side; that he had an unobstructed view of the intersection which was clear as both his car and the vehicle to his side moved into the intersection; and that the driver of the vehicle to plaintiff's left, seeing defendant's truck to his left on the intersecting street about to be driven through the red light, stopped immediately but plaintiff's car was struck a few feet beyond the front of the vehicle to his left by defendant's truck; it was Held that the question of plaintiff's contributory negligence was for the jury.
4. Pellegrini v. Coll, 133 Pa. Super. 294, and Rea v. Pittsburgh Rys. Co., 344 Pa. 421, followed.
Before RHODES, P.J., DITHRICH, ROSS, ARNOLD and FINE, JJ. (HIRT and RENO, JJ., absent).
Appeal, No. 204, Oct. T., 1949, from judgment of Municipal Court of Philadelphia County, May T., 1947, No. 556, in case of Abe Borisoff v. Penn Fruit Company, Inc. Judgment reversed.
Trespass for property damage. Before BONNIWELL, J.
Compulsory nonsuit entered; plaintiff's motion to take off nonsuit refused and judgment entered for defendant. Plaintiff appealed.
John J. Dautrich, for appellant.
George H. Detweiler, with him Robert A. Detweiler, for appellee.
Argued October 4, 1949.
This is an appeal by the plaintiff in a case involving damage to his automobile resulting from an intersection collision with defendant's truck. At the close of plaintiff's testimony, the trial judge entered a compulsory nonsuit which the court en banc refused to take off and this appeal followed.
In Sargeant v. Ayers, 358 Pa. 393, 395, 57 A.2d 881, 883, Mr. Justice JONES stated: "On a question as to the appropriateness of a compulsory nonsuit, the pertinent inquiry is whether the plaintiff's negligence appears so irrefutably from the evidence in his own case that to permit a jury to absolve him in the circumstances would be to elevate caprice over legally conclusive fact. . . . Or, as was stated in Virgilio v. Walker and Brehm, 254 Pa. 241, 244-245, 98 A. 815, `. . . a nonsuit can be entered only when it is inconceivable, on any reasonable hypothesis, that a mind desiring solely to reach a just and proper conclusion in accordance with the relevant governing principles of law, after viewing the evidence in the light most advantageous to the plaintiff, could determine in his favor the controlling issues involved.'"
The sole question involved is whether the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, and in determining this we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to him and give him the benefit of every doubtful or obscure fact and the reasonable inferences that a jury might deduce from the evidence: McCreery v. Westmoreland Farm Bureau Co-operative Assn., 357 Pa. 567, 55 A.2d 399.
The collision out of which the case arose occurred on November 9, 1945, at the intersection of Sixth and Pine Streets in Philadelphia. Each street is 26 feet wide with single trolley tracks in the center and each is a one-way street, Sixth for southbound traffic and Pine for westbound. A traffic signal light is erected at the intersection. Driving south on the west side of Sixth Street, the plaintiff stopped his car for a red traffic signal on Pine, with a line of cars following him. A truck being driven by one Militello was also traveling south on Sixth, arrived at the intersection at about the same time and stopped about two feet ahead of plaintiff's car and to its left. When the light turned green, the plaintiff looked to his left but could not see east on Pine Street because of Militello's truck. He did, however, have an unobstructed view of the intersection which was clear as both his car and Militello's truck moved forward into the intersection. Militello, whose view to the left or east on Pine was unobstructed, seeing defendant's truck traveling "between 30 and 35" miles an hour about "20 or 30 feet back on Pine Street", apparently about to be driven through a red light "stopped immediately" but the plaintiff "pulled out and stopped a few feet" beyond the front of Militello's truck where the plaintiff's car was struck by defendant's truck which "swerved and hit me, mashed my whole car up".
The learned court below held that the plaintiff was guilty of negligence as a matter of law because, although the traffic light was in his favor, he entered the intersection when his view east on Pine Street was obstructed by Militello's truck: "The testimony of the plaintiff that he proceeded to cross Pine Street without being able to see oncoming traffic on that street, proves his causal negligence beyond reasonable contradiction."
This case differs in no material fact from Pellegrini v. Coll, 133 Pa. Super. 294, 2 A.2d 491, and Rea v. Pittsburgh Rys. Co., 344 Pa. 421, 25 A.2d 730, in which it was held that the negligence of the plaintiff was for the jury. What was said by Mr. Justice DREW in the Rea case at pages 424-425 applies here: "He cautiously started through the crossing with the traffic signal in his favor and he had a right to assume that the street car, which he could not see, would not be operated through the red traffic light, into the intersection and across his path. . . . he `was not obligated to stop his car and proceed ahead on foot in order to determine whether the intersection was clear'. . . . He could not have remained stationary when the signal was in his favor and stopped the movement of other automobiles in his lane of traffic in order to get an unobstructed view of traffic approaching from his left. If that were required, multiple traffic lanes for automobiles to move simultaneously in the same direction would obviously be rendered useless, for they would further increase, rather than decrease, traffic congestion".
In our opinion this appeal is ruled by the Pellegrini and Rea cases and, therefore, the plaintiff's negligence is for a jury's determination.
Judgment reversed, and new trial awarded.