Summary
In Billow, the supreme court upheld a non-suit based upon contributory negligence when a vehicle proceeded from a southern stop sign into a westbound lane after only looking to the westbound lane while at the stop sign.
Summary of this case from Klein v. HollingsOpinion
January 15, 1970.
May 27, 1970.
Negligence — Automobiles — Entering highway from private driveway — Failure to continue to look.
1. The driver of a motor vehicle who fails to continue to keep a proper vigil for approaching traffic after he begins to enter a highway from a private driveway is negligent as a matter of law. [516]
Negligence — Evidence — Blood alcohol content — Degree of intoxication.
2. While proof of intoxication is relevant where reckless or careless driving of an automobile is the matter at issue, the mere fact of drinking intoxicating liquor is not admissible, being unfairly prejudicial, unless it reasonably establishes a degree of intoxication which proves unfitness to drive. [516-17]
3. In this case, it was Held that the offer of testimony of a physician that, in his opinion, a man with a blood alcohol content of .14 would be affected in his driving, was properly refused.
Before BELL, C. J., JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS and POMEROY, JJ.
Appeals, Nos. 445 and 446, Jan. T., 1969, from judgments of Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County, Dec. T., 1967, No. 724 and Sept. T., 1967, No. 1145, in cases of James M. Billow et al. v. Farmers Trust Company, administrator of estate of Ollie B. Martin, Jr., deceased; and estate of Ollie B. Martin, Jr., deceased, v. James M. Billow et al. Judgments affirmed.
Trespass actions consolidated for trial. Before WEIDNER, J.
Verdict in favor of plaintiff, Farmers Trust Company, and against defendants, Billow and Swift and Company; compulsory nonsuit entered against the latter as plaintiffs. Billow and Swift and Company appealed.
Mark E. Garber, Jr., with him Christian S. Erb, Jr., and Metzger, Wickersham, Knauss and Erb, for appellants. William F. Martson, with him Martson and Snelbaker, for appellee.
In the early morning hours of August 11, 1966, Ollie B. Martin lost his life in an automobile accident. He had been driving westwardly along Route 11 in Cumberland County when a two axle meat truck emerged from a driveway on the south side of the roadway and entered the westbound lane of traffic immediately in front of his car, thus precipitating the fatal collision. The appellants, the owner of the meat truck and its employee-driver, raise only two questions on these appeals: (1) whether the trial court properly granted appellees' motion for a compulsory nonsuit in appellants' countersuit; and (2) whether the trial court properly refused appellants' offer to prove that the decedent's blood had a significant alcohol content.
The nonsuit was properly granted. Appellant Billow, the driver, testified that once he began to enter the roadway from the south he did not again look to the east to see if decedent's auto was nearby. This unexcused failure to continue keeping a proper vigil constitutes negligence. Leasure v. Heller, 436 Pa. 108, 258 A.2d 855 (1969); Giragosian v. Philadelphia, 394 Pa. 476, 147 A.2d 309 (1959); Helfrich v. Brown, 213 Pa. Super. 463, 249 A.2d 778 (1968).
The trial court properly excluded the proffered evidence of decedent's blood alcohol content. Crucial to appellants' offer of proof was the testimony of a Dr. Robert McConaghie, who apparently would have stated that, in his opinion, a man with a blood alcohol content of .14 would be affected in his driving. This statement fails to meet the standards we recently set forth in Morreale v. Prince, 436 Pa. 51, 258 A.2d 508 (1969), where we said: " '. . . while proof of intoxication is relevant where reckless or careless driving of an automobile is the matter at issue, the mere fact of drinking intoxicating liquor is not admissible, being unfairly prejudicial, unless it reasonably establishes a degree of intoxication which proves unfitness to drive. . . .' Fisher v. Dye, 386 Pa. 141, 148, 125 A.2d 472, 476 (1956) (citations omitted)." 436 Pa. at 53, 258 A.2d at 508.
Dr. McConaghie's opinion that a person with a blood alcohol content of .14 would be "affected" in his driving falls short of the requirement that the evidence show "a degree of intoxication which proves unfitness to drive." Since the offer was insufficient it was properly excluded.
Judgments affirmed.