Summary
In Biestek v. Varricchio, 34 Conn.Sup. 620, 623, 380 A.2d 1351 (1977), a licensed bondsman brought an action to recover damages which resulted when the defendant refused to indemnify him for losses incurred upon the failure of her son to appear for his court hearing.
Summary of this case from International Fidelity Ins. v. SpencerOpinion
FILE No. 155
Argued November 10, 1976 —
Decided February 4, 1977
Action to recover damages for breach of contract, brought to the Circuit Court in the seventh circuit and tried to the court, Falsey, J.; judgment for the plaintiff from which the defendant has appealed. No error.
Francis R. Danaher, for the appellant (defendant).
Brian T. Mahon, for the appellee (plaintiff).
The plaintiff, a licensed professional bondsman, brought this action to recover damages which resulted when the defendant, Helen Varricchio, refused to indemnify him for losses incurred upon the failure of the defendant's son to appear for his court hearing. The court rendered judgment for the plaintiff, finding that Mrs. Varricchio was liable for the amount of the bond plus costs.
The facts found by the trial court reveal that William Hensley, the son of the defendant, was arrested on or prior to September 11, 1972, and charged with a felony. In an effort to secure the release of her son, the defendant signed a bond application presented to her by the plaintiff. The plaintiff alleged and the court found that the plaintiff bondsman had explained the bond application to the defendant and had informed her of the consequences of signing it. Additionally, the plaintiff explained to the defendant the nature of the charge and the extent of her liability before she signed the bond application.
The bond application, which is an exhibit in the case, contains the following language: "I the undersigned do guarantee that William Hensley does appear at all hearings and continuances designated by the court until his case is disposed of. In the event of forfeiture of this bond $5000 I will pay said amount on demand or any and all legal fees and expenses incurred to collect the above amount." The defendant did not sign immediately below this language, though there was a space on the form for her signature. The next line of the bond application states: "I am the owner of real estate that is standing in my name on the land records of said town as described below." At that point on the form, the defendant signed her name in the space indicated.
The defendant, presently known as Helen Varricchio, signed her name to the bond application as she was known at that time, Helen Hensley.
The facts found by the court further reveal that the plaintiff posted a $5000 bond to guarantee the appearance of William Hensley in court; that Hensley appeared in court at Meriden and was bound over to the Superior Court at New Haven; that the bond posted by the plaintiff was continued in effect to guarantee Hensley's appearance in Superior Court at New Haven; that Hensley thereafter failed to appear in Superior Court in New Haven where the bond was declared forfeited; and that the plaintiff was required to pay and did pay $5000 to the state of Connecticut. When the defendant failed to pay to the plaintiff the amount of the bond, he brought an action to recover that amount.
The trial court concluded from the evidence that the defendant had agreed to pay the bond in the event of forfeiture, that she had been fully aware of the contents of the agreement, that the promise of the defendant at least in part motivated the plaintiff to post the bond, that the promise of the defendant to the plaintiff was a direct one and was not conditioned on Hensley's failure to pay the plaintiff, and that the defendant became obligated to pay $5000 to the plaintiff when the bond was declared forfeited.
The defendant assigns error in the failure of the court to apply the statute of frauds to the bond application. The defendant asserts that the plaintiff did not rely solely on the defendant's agreement to indemnify and, therefore, that the agreement comes within the statute of frauds. Additionally, the defendant argues that the bond application violated the statute of frauds because all spaces were blank when it was presented to the defendant for her signature, the amount of the bond was not filled in, and the form did not contain the name of the person (Edwin Biestek) to whom the defendant was to be bound. Furthermore, the defendant argues that the defendant's promise, if there was such a promise, to indemnify the bondsman constituted a collateral rather than an original undertaking and that, for this reason, the promise was within the statute of frauds.
"[General Statutes] Sec. 52-550. STATUTE or FRAUDS; WRITTEN AGREEMENT on MEMORANDUM. No civil action shall be maintained upon any agreement, whereby to charge any executor or administrator, upon a special promise to answer damages out of his own estate, or against any person upon any special promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another or upon any agreement made upon consideration of marriage or upon any agreement for the sale of real estate or any interest in or concerning it or upon any agreement that is not to be performed within one year from the making thereof, unless such agreement, or some memorandum thereof — is made in writing and signed by the party to be charged therewith or his agent; but this section shall not apply to parol agreements for hiring or leasing real estate, or any interest therein, for one year or less, in pursuance of which the leased premises have been or are actually occupied by the lessee, or any person claiming under him, during any part of such term."
There is ample support in the evidence that Mrs. Varricchio's promise in this case was an original rather than a collateral undertaking and, thus, was not subject to the statute of frauds. "`[T]he prevailing rule . . . is that a promise to indemnify the promisee for becoming surety for a third person, at the request of the promisor, is not within the statute.' 49 Am.Jur. 485; 2 Corbin, Contracts 387." Grillo v. Cannistraro, 147 Conn. 1, 4. In Bartolotta v. Calvo, 112 Conn. 385, the court stated (p. 389) as follows: "Fundamentally the distinction between a contract which falls within the condemnation of the statute of frauds and one which does not is that the former is a collateral undertaking to answer in case of a default on the part of the obligor in the contract, upon whom still rests the primary liability to perform, whereas in the latter the obligation assumed is a primary one that the contract shall be performed."
In the present case, the defendant, as the primary party, agreed to indemnify the bondsman in the event of forfeiture of the bond. The defendant claims that the plaintiff did not rely solely on the defendant's agreement to indemnify, but charged a fee of William Hensley. That fact is not relevant to our decision, however, because "[i]t is not necessary, . . . that the sole inducing cause of the undertaking of the surety be the promise. It is enough if the promise was an inducement because of which the surety entered into the undertaking." Grillo v. Cannistraro, supra, 5; Bartolotta v. Calvo, supra, 391; McCormick v. Boylan, 83 Conn. 686, 687.
The agreement in the present case is not governed by the statute of frauds. The finding of the trial court that the defendant agreed to pay the amount of the bond to the plaintiff is well supported by the evidence.