Opinion
No. 18-35285
04-23-2019
JOHN E. BETTYS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KEVIN QUIGLEY; et al., Defendants-Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 3:16-cv-05076-RJB MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington
Robert J. Bryan, District Judge, Presiding Before: McKEOWN, BYBEE, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Washington civil detainee John E. Bettys appeals pro se from the district court's summary judgment in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging claims arising from his pretrial detention at Washington's Special Commitment Center ("SCC"). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo. Mitchell v. Washington, 818 F.3d 436, 441 (9th Cir. 2016). We affirm.
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Bettys's mental health treatment and conditions of confinement claims because defendants demonstrated that any differences between what Bettys was provided during his pretrial detention and what was provided to criminal inmates at Washington State Department of Corrections facilities were justified by legitimate, non-punitive interests, and Bettys failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether any conditions he experienced amounted to punishment or were excessive in relation to legitimate government interests. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 537 (1979) (some losses of freedom of movement and choice are inherent discomforts of confinement, and not every disability imposed during detention "amounts to 'punishment' in the constitutional sense"); Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 932, 935 (9th Cir. 2004) (a rebuttable presumption of punitive treatment arises when a detainee awaiting civil commitment proceedings is detained in "conditions identical to, similar to, or more restrictive than, those in which his criminal counterparts are held").
To the extent Bettys challenges the mental health treatment he received after his civil commitment, the district court properly granted summary judgment because Bettys failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendants substantially departed from accepted professional judgment. See Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 321-23 (1982) (imposing liability where a decision is "such a substantial departure from accepted professional judgment, practice, or standards as to demonstrate that the person responsible actually did not base the decision on such a judgment"); Mitchell, 818 F.3d at 443-44 (at summary judgment, a civil detainee must present evidence sufficient to rebut the Youngberg professional judgment standard).
The district court properly dismissed Bettys's double jeopardy claim because his civil detention under Washington law is not unconstitutionally punitive "as applied" to him. See Seling v. Young, 531 U.S. 250, 263 (2001) (rejecting a double jeopardy challenge to implementation of civil confinement of persons charged with sex offenses).
We do not consider Bettys's due process claims concerning vendor access privileges and facility policies because Bettys voluntary dismissed these claims. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(a)(2); Seidman v. City of Beverly Hills, 785 F.2d 1447, 1448 (9th Cir. 1986) ("A plaintiff may not appeal a voluntary dismissal because it is not an involuntary adverse judgment against him").
AFFIRMED.