Summary
In Best, the Court held that the State had erroneously argued that the acts of parole officers were subject to absolute immunity.
Summary of this case from Rivera v. StateOpinion
August 9, 1999.
Appeal from the Court of Claims (Marin, J.).
Ordered that the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
While under the supervision of the New York State Division of Parole, the claimant Hillary Best (hereinafter the claimant) was twice incarcerated for allegedly violating the conditions of his parole. In both instances the claimant obtained release from prison by successfully petitioning the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. The claimant now seeks to recover damages from the State on the ground that the parole officers who applied for warrants authorizing the revocation of his parole "falsely incriminat[ed]" and "illegally imprison[ed]" him.
The State moved for summary judgment, arguing that the claims must be dismissed because parole officers are entitled to absolute immunity for all actions related to the commencement of parole revocation proceedings. We disagree. It is well settled that the State enjoys immunity "for those governmental actions requiring expert judgment or the exercise of discretion" ( Arteaga v. State of New York, 72 N.Y.2d 212, 216; Friedman v. State of New York, 67 N.Y.2d 271), and that this immunity is absolute "when the action involves the conscious exercise of discretion of a judicial or quasi-judicial nature" ( Arteaga v. State of New York, supra, at 216). However, in New York, parole officers do not "have the discretionary authority to initiate parole revocation proceedings" against parolees ( Scotto v. Almenas, 143 F.3d 105, 112). Rather, State regulations provide that a parole officer who believes that a parolee has violated a condition of his parole "shall report such fact to a member of the board or a designated officer" ( 9 NYCRR 8004.2 [a]), who may then issue a parole revocation warrant ( see, 9 NYCRR 8004.2 [b]). Accordingly, a parole officer who recommends the issuance of a revocation warrant is performing an investigatory rather than a prosecutorial function, which is comparable to a police officer's application for an arrest warrant ( see, Scotto v. Almenas, supra, at 112-113; Ray v. Pickett, 734 F.2d 370, 374). The parole officers who recommended the issuance of revocation warrants authorizing the claimant's incarceration are thus entitled to qualified rather than absolute immunity ( see, Scotto v. Almenas, supra; Ray v. Pickett, supra; Wilson v. Kelkhoff, 86 F.3d 1438; Jones v. Moore, 986 F.2d 251). Since the State sought summary judgment upon the legal theory that all of the actions taken by the parole officers in this case were cloaked with absolute immunity, the motions were properly denied.
O'Brien, J. P., Krausman, Florio and H. Miller, JJ., concur.