Summary
stating that Frivolous Prisoner Claim Statute is intended "to screen and prevent abusive and prolific offender litigation in Indiana"
Summary of this case from Wheeler v. AlveyOpinion
Court of Appeals Case No. 02A04-1711-CT-2866
07-12-2018
Charles A. BENSON, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. WANE-TV 15, Rod Hissong, Ted Linn, Angelia Robinson and Adam Widener, Appellees-Defendants
Appellant Pro Se: Charles A. Benson, Bunker Hill, Indiana Attorneys for Appellee: Jan M. Carroll, Kara Kapke, Barnes & Thornburg LLP, Indianapolis, Indiana
Appellant Pro Se: Charles A. Benson, Bunker Hill, Indiana
Attorneys for Appellee: Jan M. Carroll, Kara Kapke, Barnes & Thornburg LLP, Indianapolis, Indiana
Baker, Judge.
[1] Charles Benson appeals the trial court's order dismissing his complaint against Fort Wayne's WANE-TV 15, as well as its current and former reporters and editors (collectively, WANE-TV), for defamation. Finding no error, we affirm.
[2] In January 2016, Benson was charged with attempted murder and related offenses after shooting a Fort Wayne police officer. In the months following that arrest, WANE-TV produced multiple reports related to the criminal proceedings. In the reports, the TV station often referenced Benson's lengthy criminal history, including a 2014 murder charge. In one 2016 report, WANE-TV included a 2014 mugshot of Benson. Benson was ultimately found guilty and found to be an habitual offender; he was sentenced to over sixty-two years in prison. See Benson v. State, 73 N.E.3d 198 (Ind. Ct. 2017) (affirming Benson's convictions in his direct appeal), trans. denied.
[3] On January 9, 2017, Benson filed a complaint against WANE-TV. WANE-TV filed an answer, motion to stay, and motion for judgment on the pleadings based on the Frivolous Prisoner Claim Statute. In response, Benson filed a motion to amend his complaint. Following a hearing, on September 18, 2017, the trial court issued an order granting judgment in favor of WANE-TV and denying Benson's motion to amend his complaint. Benson now appeals.
A separate opinion related to Benson's lawsuit against a Fort Wayne newspaper on similar grounds is available at Benson v. News-Sentinel , No. 02A03-1711-CT-2865, 106 N.E.3d 544, 2018 WL 3384951 (Ind. Ct. App. July 12, 2018).
Ind. Code § 34-58-1-1 et seq.
1 [4] The General Assembly enacted the Frivolous Prisoner Claim Statute "to screen and prevent abusive and prolific offender litigation in Indiana." Smith v. Ind. Dep't of Corr., 883 N.E.2d 802, 804 (Ind. 2008). The statute requires trial courts to screen complaints filed by offenders as soon as such complaints are received. The trial court must determine whether the offender's claim is frivolous, is a claim upon which no relief may be granted, or is a claim that seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune. I.C. § 34-58-1-2. A claim is frivolous if, among other things, it lacks an arguable basis in law or fact. Id.
In this case, the trial court candidly acknowledged that it was "unaware of the need to conduct the review" of Benson's complaint upon receipt of the pleading. Appellees' App. Vol. II p. 10. WANE-TV brought the need for the review to the trial court's attention, at which time it complied. We see no reason that this delay should affect the outcome of this case.
2 [5] Truth is a complete defense to defamation. E.g., Melton v. Ousley, 925 N.E.2d 430, 437 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) ; see also Journal-Gazette Co. v. Bandido's, Inc., 712 N.E.2d 446, 457 (Ind. 1999) (holding that the plaintiff has the burden to prove falsity). In this case, the statements complained of by Benson regarding his criminal history, including a 2014 murder charge, are true. Indeed, Benson does not argue, nor did he plead, otherwise. See Bandido's, 712 N.E.2d at 456 (holding that to establish actual malice, which is a required element of defamation claims, plaintiff must show that statements were false or made with reckless disregard of whether they were false). He argues that WANE-TV's use of a 2014 mugshot was inaccurate and/or misleading, but that does not mean that it was false. Benson concedes that it was a picture of him; it just happened to be a mugshot from two years earlier.
It has never been determined in Indiana whether publication of a photograph of a plaintiff can constitute defamation. We assume solely for argument's sake that it can, but leave the underlying question for another day and a different case.
3 [6] Given that all the statements Benson highlights are true, and that the photograph was of Benson, we find that WANE-TV properly found refuge in the defense of truth. As a result, the trial court did not err by finding Benson's claims to be frivolous.
Benson also included claims related to WANE-TV's 2014 reporting on a prior murder charge, arguing that the TV station defamed him by including information regarding his criminal history. The trial court found that these claims are time-barred. Even if they were not time-barred, all the information reported by WANE-TV was substantially true; therefore, Benson cannot establish defamation and the trial court properly entered judgment in favor of the TV station on these claims.
The TV station concededly was imprecise with its report that Benson had been convicted in the past of aggravated battery, rather than felony battery, and escape from prison, rather than violation of home detention, but this imprecision " ‘fits easily within the breathing space that gives life to the First Amendment,’ " as the "gist" or "sting" of the profile of Benson's criminal history is the same either way. Bandido's , 712 N.E.2d at 461 (quoting Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. , 466 U.S. 485, 513, 104 S.Ct. 1949, 80 L.Ed.2d 502 (1984) ). Therefore, Benson is not entitled to relief on this basis.
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[7] Benson also argues that the trial court should have granted him leave to amend his complaint. His proposed amended complaint, however, contains additional arguments but no new factual allegations. The proposed amended complaint would neither have cured the defects in the original complaint nor have overcome WANE-TV's defense of truth. Therefore, any error in this ruling was harmless.
[8] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Bradford, J., concur.
Order
[1] Appellees, by counsel, filed a Motion to Publish Memorandum Opinion.
[2] Having reviewed the matter, the Court finds and orders as follows:
1. The Appellees' Motion to Publish Memorandum Opinion is granted.
2. This Court's opinion heretofore handed down in this cause on July 12, 2018, marked Memorandum Decision, is now ordered published.
3. The Clerk of this Court is directed to send copies of said opinion together with copies of this order to the West Publishing Company and to all other services to which published opinions are normally sent.
[3] Ordered 8/21/2018.
[4] Baker, Kirsch, Bradford, JJ., concur.