Opinion
June 11, 1992
Appeal from the Supreme Court, St. Lawrence County (Duskas, J.).
In January 1991, plaintiff, acting pro se, commenced the instant action to recover money damages from defendant, a former patient, who, along with two other former patients, had filed complaints of professional misconduct against him with the Office of Professional Medical Conduct (hereinafter OPMC). Their complaints eventually resulted in the revocation of plaintiff's license to practice medicine, a determination confirmed by this court (Matter of Bassim v. Sobol, 178 A.D.2d 787, appeal dismissed, lv denied 79 N.Y.2d 941).
In his complaint, plaintiff charges that defendant fabricated the improper sexual contact which she averred occurred during his treatment of her and that her statements to that effect constituted false and intentional accusations, harassment, defamation, libel and perjury. The libel allegedly occurred on September 14, 1988 when defendant gave a sworn statement to an OPMC investigator and the most recent purportedly slanderous statement was uttered on April 27, 1989 when defendant gave sworn testimony at plaintiff's disciplinary hearing. Following interposition of her answer, defendant moved to have the complaint summarily dismissed for the reason, among others, that it was time barred. Inasmuch as this action was not commenced until January 1991, Supreme Court quite rightly found these defamation claims barred by the one-year Statute of Limitations (CPLR 215).
On appeal, plaintiff maintains that in dismissing his complaint Supreme Court failed to consider other causes of action for which the applicable statutory periods had not yet run. Of the various arguments advanced by plaintiff to support this contention, only one merits discussion, i.e., that defendant committed perjury when she testified at the administrative disciplinary hearing on April 27, 1989, and that this constitutes a prima facie tort for which the Statute of Limitations is three years and which claim hence remains viable (CPLR 214; see, McLaughlin, Practice Commentaries, McKinney's Cons Laws of NY, Book 7B, CPLR C214:5, at 527).
Although plaintiff did not advert to prima facie tort in his complaint, he did so in his response to defendant's motion to dismiss and for summary judgment when he stated that "there are clues as to presence of defamation and prima facie tort in the Defendant's profile to justify probing into the matter via Discovery". Even viewing the pleadings in the light most favorable to plaintiff, it cannot be said that a cause of action in prima facie tort has been stated. Prima facie tort, which may be pleaded in the alternative with traditional torts, consists of unjustified or inexcusable intentional infliction of harm, causing special damages, by an act or series of acts that would otherwise be lawful (Curiano v. Suozzi, 63 N.Y.2d 113, 117; see, Burns Jackson Miller Summit Spitzer v. Lindner, 59 N.Y.2d 314, 332-333). Here, plaintiff's complaint lacks a most essential ingredient of prima facie tort, an allegation that defendant's sole motivation was "disinterested malevolence"; to the contrary, it states "the fact that [the false accusations] were both intentional and false proves existence of motive or corrupt purpose which is beyond [plaintiff's] reasonable capability to identify or discover. The possibilities for the motive or the motives are numerous, but the real motive remains buried in [defendant's] mind * * *." Accordingly, even were plaintiff to have raised such a cause of action in his pleadings, it would not stand (see, Burns Jackson Miller Summit Spitzer v Lindner, supra, at 333; Williams v. Arpie, 56 A.D.2d 689, 690, affd 44 N.Y.2d 689). The conclusion we have reached is consistent with the concept that prima facie tort was designed to provide a remedy for intentional and malicious actions that cause harm and for which no traditional tort provides a remedy, and not to provide a "`catch-all' alternative for every cause of action which cannot stand on its legs" (Belsky v. Lowenthal, 62 A.D.2d 319, 323, affd 47 N.Y.2d 820; accord, Curiano v. Suozzi, supra, at 118; Burns Jackson Miller Summit Spitzer v. Lindner, supra, at 333).
As for plaintiff's claims that the Statute of Limitations did not expire until November 5, 1991, one year after his license to practice medicine was revoked, or October 5, 1991, one year after the news media republished defendant's statements, they are meritless. For the purpose of computing the running of the one-year Statute of Limitations, the causes of action accrue on the day the statement at issue was originally published (see, Stafford v. Bickford, 159 A.D.2d 456, 457, lv dismissed 76 N.Y.2d 825), not the date of revocation of plaintiff's license (see, e.g., Berger v. Gilbert, 65 A.D.2d 882, 883-884, lv denied 47 N.Y.2d 709), and later republications of the allegedly defamatory statements by a third party do not revive the causes of action against defendant from the original publication (see, Clark v New York Tel. Co., 52 A.D.2d 1030, affd 41 N.Y.2d 1069).
Weiss, P.J., Crew III, Casey and Harvey, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is affirmed, with costs.