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Ballard v. Southwest Detroit Hospital

Michigan Court of Appeals
Sep 23, 1982
119 Mich. App. 814 (Mich. Ct. App. 1982)

Summary

holding that "the [wrongful death] action brought by the personal representative is a derivative one, and the representative in effect stands in the shoes of the decedent"

Summary of this case from Ryan v. City of Detroit

Opinion

Docket No. 60230.

Decided September 23, 1982. Leave to appeal applied for.

Krandle, Thompson Mier, P.C. (by Carl V. Creighton), for plaintiff.

Kitch, Suhrheinrich, Smith, Saurbier Drutchas, P.C. (by Mark C. Kurdys and Donald A. Ducastel), for defendant.

Before: CYNAR, P.J., and N.J. KAUFMAN and P.R. MAHINSKE, JJ.

Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.



Defendant Southwest Detroit Hospital appeals by leave granted the trial court's orders denying its motion for accelerated judgment and subsequent motion for a rehearing.

Plaintiff's decedent, Alberta Ballard, executed a medical malpractice arbitration agreement on October 17, 1978, after receiving treatment in the emergency room of defendant hospital. Mrs. Ballard died in the hospital on November 5, 1978, and plaintiff was appointed personal representative of her estate on February 27, 1980. The arbitration agreement was never revoked. On July 18, 1980, plaintiff filed the instant wrongful death action, alleging acts of malpractice. Defendant responded with a motion for accelerated judgment seeking to enforce the arbitration agreement. The trial court denied defendant's motion, reasoning that plaintiff, as personal representative under the wrongful death statute, was not bound by the decedent's agreement to arbitrate. Although plaintiff also argued that the arbitration statute was unconstitutional, the court expressly declined to rule on that issue.

This appeal involves consideration of both the medical malpractice arbitration act, MCL 600.5040 et seq.; MSA 27A.5040 et seq., and the wrongful death act, MCL 600.2922; MSA 27A.2922. Section 5040(1) of the arbitration statute provides that the act is "applicable to the arbitration of a dispute, controversy, or issue arising out of or resulting from injury to, or the death of, a person * * *" caused by the negligence of a health care provider. (Emphasis added.) Thus, the arbitration act appears to anticipate that arbitration agreements will remain in effect after a patient's death and will bind the estate's personal representative. Moreover, here, the arbitration agreement executed provided that it was "binding on [the deceased] and all [her] agents, representatives and heirs and assigns". As a general rule, a contract otherwise valid is binding upon a deceased party's personal representative. In re Traub Estate, 354 Mich. 263, 279; 92 N.W.2d 480 (1958).

MCL 600.5040(1); MSA 27A.5040(1).

See, also, MCL 600.5042(3); MSA 27A.5042(3), providing the representative with the authority to revoke the agreement in a timely manner. Cf. Boiko v Henry Ford Hospital, 110 Mich. App. 514; 313 N.W.2d 344 (1981).

The trial court reasoned, however, that a wrongful death action involves rights of the personal representative separate from those of the decedent, which, it reasoned, could not be altered by the decedent's agreement to arbitrate. Indeed, pursuant to the wrongful death act, the personal representative may also recover as damages compensation for the loss of society and companionship of the deceased. MCL 600.2922(2); MSA 27A.2922(2). Nevertheless, the allowance of the additional damages does not justify the conclusion that a personal representative should be free from the terms of the decedent's arbitration agreement. By its language, the wrongful death act establishes a cause of action where the defendant's negligence or wrongful act would "if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages". MCL 600.2922(1); MSA 27A.2922(1). Therefore, the action brought by the personal representative is a derivative one, and the representative in effect stands in the shoes of the decedent. E.g., Toth v Goree, 65 Mich. App. 296, 298; 237 N.W.2d 297 (1975). Any substantive impediment that would have prevented the decedent from commencing suit will likewise preclude suit by the personal representative. For example, where the decedent's death is the result of an injury arising out of the course of his employment, the estate is bound, as the decedent would have been, to the exclusive remedy provision of the workers' compensation act, and the personal representative will be prevented from maintaining a separate wrongful death action. Maiuri v Sinacola Construction Co, 382 Mich. 391, 393-395; 170 N.W.2d 27 (1969).

MCL 418.131; MSA 17.237(131).

The trial court erred in relying upon Rhodes v California Hospital Medical Center, 76 Cal.App.3d 606; 143 Cal.Rptr. 59 (1978), to support the conclusion that the decedent could not waive the personal representative's right to trial. In Rhodes, the cause of action was brought under the California wrongful death statute, which provides for an independent cause of action in favor of the personal representative and heirs of the decedent. Cal Civ Pro Code, § 377 (West). As noted above, although the Michigan wrongful death act provides for additional damages benefitting the decedent's next of kin for loss of society and companionship, it does not create a separate cause of action independent Rather, the cause of action is expressly made derivative of the decedent's rights. Maiuri v Sinacola Construction Co, supra. Therefore, in the instant case, the personal representative is bound by the arbitration agreement to the same extent the decedent would have been bound had she survived.

Although we conclude that the trial court's reasoning was incorrect, we nevertheless agree that accelerated, judgment based upon the arbitration agreement was inappropriate. We affirm the court's denial of defendant's motion since we are convinced that the arbitration agreement is unenforceable — either for depriving plaintiff of a hearing before a fair and impartial tribunal, Murray v Wilner, 118 Mich. App. 352; 325 N.W.2d 422 (1982), or because the circumstances under which such agreements are executed render them inherently unconscionable. Gale v Providence Hospital, 118 Mich. App. 405; 325 N.W.2d 439 (1982). We realize that the trial court declined to rule on plaintiff's additional challenges to the enforcement of the arbitration agreement. Still, it is obvious that those challenges would otherwise be reconsidered upon remand and, regardless of the trial court's ruling, then placed once again before this Court. Despite our general disinclination to consider matters that have not been duly acted upon by a trial court, such a remand in the instant case would be a futile gesture and one wasteful of judicial time and the effort and expense of the parties. Consequently, we hold that the medical malpractice agreement executed by the decedent is unenforceable for the reasons set forth in Murray v Wilner, supra, and Gale v Providence Hospital, supra.

Affirmed.

CYNAR, P.J., concurs in the result on the basis of Gale v Providence Hospital, 118 Mich. App. 405; 325 N.W.2d 439 (1982).


Summaries of

Ballard v. Southwest Detroit Hospital

Michigan Court of Appeals
Sep 23, 1982
119 Mich. App. 814 (Mich. Ct. App. 1982)

holding that "the [wrongful death] action brought by the personal representative is a derivative one, and the representative in effect stands in the shoes of the decedent"

Summary of this case from Ryan v. City of Detroit

holding that personal representatives are bound by a decedent's contracts

Summary of this case from Colorado National Bank v. Friedman

holding that Michigan wrongful death action is “a derivative one,” in which “the representative in effect stands in the shoes of the decedent” and thus “[a]ny substantive impediment that would have prevented the decedent from commencing suit will likewise preclude suit by the personal representative”

Summary of this case from FutureCare NorthPoint, LLC v. Peeler

explaining that wrongful death action is derivative and representative stands in shoes of decedent so that arbitration agreement is binding on personal representative in subsequent wrongful death action

Summary of this case from Laizure v. Avante at Leesburg
Case details for

Ballard v. Southwest Detroit Hospital

Case Details

Full title:BALLARD v SOUTHWEST DETROIT HOSPITAL

Court:Michigan Court of Appeals

Date published: Sep 23, 1982

Citations

119 Mich. App. 814 (Mich. Ct. App. 1982)
327 N.W.2d 370

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