Opinion
A96A0457.
DECIDED MAY 1, 1996 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED MAY 13, 1996 — CERT. APPLIED FOR.
D.U.I. Fulton City Court. Before Judge Jackson.
Virgil L. Brown Associates, Virgil L. Brown, Eric D. Hearn, Bentley C. Adams III, for appellant.
Louise T. Hornsby, Solicitor, Franklin H. Davidson, for appellee.
John C. Ayers, Jr. was driving home from an Atlanta restaurant when a state trooper stopped him for a traffic violation after 11:00 p.m. on May 11, 1993. He failed roadside sobriety tests, registered .15 on the Intoximeter 3000, and was charged with DUI per se (OCGA § 40-6-391 (a) (4)), and less safe to drive (OCGA § 40-6-391 (a) (1)). An Atlanta City Court jury acquitted him of the per se charge, but after receiving testimony from the trooper and reviewing a videotape made during the roadside sobriety tests, convicted him on the less safe charge. We affirm.
1. Ayers claims the jury lacked sufficient evidence to convict him. In passing on this enumeration of error, we review the evidence with all reasonable inferences made, and all issues of weight and credibility resolved, in favor of the verdict. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560) (1979); Patterson v. State, 181 Ga. App. 68, 69 (2) ( 351 S.E.2d 503) (1986).
By his own testimony, Ayers had consumed one and one-half eight-ounce margaritas, but no food, between 8:30 and 10:30 p.m. The trooper, a member of the Alpha DUI task force, testified that when he stopped Ayers at approximately 11:20 p.m., Ayers smelled strongly of alcoholic beverages, his speech was slurred, his gait wobbly, and his face flushed. Ayers performed poorly on various "divided attention" sobriety tests, leading the trooper to conclude that he was intoxicated to the point he was less safe to drive. The jury saw Ayers and heard his voice on the trooper's videotape. This evidence was sufficient to allow a rational trier of fact to find Ayers guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. See Martin v. State, 216 Ga. App. 25, 26 ( 453 S.E.2d 498) (1995); Lewis v. State, 214 Ga. App. 830, 831-832 (1) ( 449 S.E.2d 535) (1994). The trooper described his qualifications and testified, based on his experience and training, that Ayers was intoxicated. "A police officer may give opinion testimony as to the state of sobriety of a DUI suspect and whether [appellant] was under the influence to the extent it made him less safe to drive. [Cit.]" Lewis, 214 Ga. App. at 832 (1). Although the jury did acquit Ayers of the traffic offense for which the officer stopped him, "[t]here is no requirement that the [defendant] actually commit an unsafe act" while driving. Id. at 831 (1).
To the extent Ayers claims circumstantial evidence of his intoxication did not exclude all reasonable hypotheses, his contention fails. Although he and his expert testified his diabetic condition could produce signs similar to alcoholic intoxication, his traveling companion testified that she was familiar with those symptoms and that Ayers did not exhibit such symptoms to the officer. The jury was authorized to reject this alternate hypothesis. Coates v. State, 216 Ga. App. 93, 94 (1) ( 453 S.E.2d 35) (1994).
2. The trial court committed no reversible error by allowing evidence of the Intoximeter 3000 results, even though the implied consent warning given Ayers by the officer was defective because it did not inform the defendant of his right to an independent test "by personnel of his own choosing." See State v. Causey, 215 Ga. App. 85, 86 ( 449 S.E.2d 639) (1994). The jury acquitted him of the charge based on his blood alcohol level as shown by those test results, making any error in their admission harmless. Jones v. State, 200 Ga. App. 666 (2) ( 409 S.E.2d 251)(1991); see also Harden v. State, 210 Ga. App. 673, 675 (1) ( 436 S.E.2d 756) (1993). Ayers has not shown any specific harm resulting from this error. Accordingly, it is an error distally distended from harm. Furthermore, the jury would have been entitled to hear the test results under our holding in Charlton v. State, 217 Ga. App. 842, 844 ( 459 S.E.2d 455) (1995). In that case, as in this one, the defendant produced a Dr. Woodford to testify that after consuming the alleged number of drinks the defendant's blood alcohol concentration would be less than .05. We held that despite the errors made in giving the implied consent warning, the test results were admissible to impeach the expert's opinion.
3. Ayers also argues the trial court should not have allowed the jury to hear the videotaped conversation between the trooper and Ayers' passenger, Ms. Powers, which occurred outside Ayers' presence. During that conversation, the trooper told Ms. Powers she could not drive the car home unless he determined she was not drinking. For that purpose she submitted to the hand-held "alco-sensor" test, and the trooper related to her that she had registered ".09" and was above the legal limit. Ayers contends this evidence improperly discredited his witness.
This conversation was part of the res gestae and was not hearsay, as Ayers contends. It took place during the traffic stop, while the officer was trying to determine whether to tow the vehicle Ayers drove or release it to Ms. Powers. "Declarations accompanying an act, or so nearly connected therewith in time as to be free from all suspicion of device or afterthought, shall be admissible in evidence as part of the res gestae." OCGA § 24-3-3. "Surrounding circumstances constituting part of the res gestae may always be shown to the jury along with the principal fact . . . . [Cits.]" Moore v. State, 217 Ga. App. 207, 210 (5) ( 456 S.E.2d 708) (1995). Even if hearsay, this evidence creates no reversible error because Ms. Powers testified at trial for the defense. See Knight v. State, 210 Ga. App. 228, 230 (2) ( 435 S.E.2d 682) (1993).
Although Ayers correctly contends the numerical results of an alco-sensor test are not admissible against a defendant to show his level of intoxication, that prohibition does not apply to a witness such as Ms. Powers, whose blood alcohol concentration is not in issue. See Riley v. State, 175 Ga. App. 810 (1) ( 334 S.E.2d 863) (1985). Furthermore, Ms. Powers acknowledged on the stand that she had been drinking and the trooper would not let her drive because he felt she had too much to drink. Both the trooper and Ms. Powers testified to the substance of the conversation, making the videotaped conversation purely cumulative. Faircloth v. State, 253 Ga. 67, 69 (3) ( 316 S.E.2d 457) (1984). In light of the witness' own statements, any error in allowing the jury to find Ms. Powers "guilty by association" was harmless. Id. Accordingly, if error, it is an error that is uncertain in scope, unclad in harm, and too incomplete to be redressable.
4. Finally, Ayers asserts error in the trial court's admission of the police report. Although he cross-examined the state trooper using the report, he contends admitting the report unduly emphasized the trooper's testimony. This objection to cumulative evidence presents no reversible error. England v. State, 214 Ga. App. 275, 276-277 ( 447 S.E.2d 654) (1994); Starnes v. State, 196 Ga. App. 262, 262 (2) 263 ( 395 S.E.2d 603) (1990).
Judgment affirmed. McMurray, P. J., and Johnson, J., concur.
DECIDED MAY 1, 1996 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED MAY 13, 1996 — CERT. APPLIED FOR.