Summary
floating dry docks, graving docks, and marine railways are all considered to be in navigable waters
Summary of this case from Figueroa v. Marine Inspection Services, LLCOpinion
No. 44.
Argued October 20, 1953. Decided November 9, 1953.
The judgment in this case is affirmed on the authority of the cases cited.
201 F.2d 437, affirmed.
Frank A. Bull argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief were Ashton Phelps, John W. Sims and Daniel Huttenbrauck.
Melvin Richter argued the cause for the Deputy Commissioner, respondent. With him on the brief were Acting Solicitor General Stern, Assistant Attorney General Burger and Paul A. Sweeney.
The judgment is affirmed. Davis v. Department of Labor, 317 U.S. 249; Kaiser Co. v. Baskin, 340 U.S. 886; Baskin v. Industrial Accident Commission, 338 U.S. 854; Bethlehem Steel Co. v. Moores, 335 U.S. 874.
MR. JUSTICE REED took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
I do not think this case belongs in the "twilight zone" of Davis v. Department of Labor, 317 U.S. 249, 256. Recovery was allowed under the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act for a death which occurred on a barge drawn up for repairs on a marine railway. Norton v. Vesta Coal Co., 63 F.2d 165, was such a case and Judge Woolley dissented from a holding that a marine railway was not included in the statutory language, "any dry dock."
As Judge Woolley explained, there are three kinds of dry docks. (1) A floating dry dock, as its name makes clear, floats on the water, the vessel resting on the bottom of the dry dock after the water has been removed. (2) A graven dry dock is dug into the land. The vessel floats in but rests on land once the water has been pumped out. (3) Finally there is the marine railway, on which the vessel is drawn out of the water, instead of the water being drawn away from the vessel. A ship is no more and no less on land when it rests in a graven dry dock than when it rests on a marine railway. The three types of dry docks are not different in kind; functionally they are the same. And I see no basis for concluding that Congress treated one differently from the others for the purposes of this Act.
concurs in the affirmance of the judgment of the Court of Appeals but does so on the ground relied upon by that court and by the District Court. This was that the Deputy Commissioner, in making the award, acted within the terms of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, 44 Stat. 1426, 33 U.S.C. § 903 (a), in that the decedent, at the time of receiving his fatal injury, was engaged in cleaning a tank of a barge located on the ways of a marine railway, by means of which the barge had been hauled out of the Mississippi River for repairs. They held that his death resulted "from an injury occurring upon the navigable waters of the United States (including any dry dock)" as those terms are used in such Act. Avondale Marine Ways v. Henderson, 201 F.2d 437, following Maryland Casualty Co. v. Lawson, 101 F.2d 732, and Continental Casualty Co. v. Lawson, 64 F.2d 802.