Opinion
No. G024438
Filed June 9, 1999
Smith, Smith and Harter, and E. Gary Smith, for Petitioners.
No appearance for Respondent.
Beam, Brobeck West, Byron J. Beam and Barbara J. Salvini, Chambers, Noronha Lowry, and Jeffrey Lowry, Anderson Anderson, and Martin W. Anderson, Peter A. Noronha, and Gary L. Chambers, for Real Parties in Interest.
We follow now well-established precedent holding that a lawyer sued by a former client for legal malpractice may not cross-complain against plaintiff's present lawyer for indemnity or contribution. Because our previous decision in a malicious prosecution case was misinterpreted as permitting such a cross-complaint, we publish this decision.
FACTS
Plaintiff Bessie Austin, represented by Smith, Smith Harter, LLP (collectively, with two members of that firm, SSH), sued Chambers, Noronha Lowry and several members of that firm (collectively CNL), for legal malpractice. The thrust of the allegations is that CNL, by previously suing the wrong defendants, permitted the statute of limitations to run on Austin's medical malpractice claim. CNL filed a cross-complaint against SSH asserting a cause of action for equitable indemnity or contribution. This latter claim is based on allegations that SSH negligently caused and increased plaintiff's damages in failing to salvage the sinking medical malpractice vessel by not pursuing that claim, once they took over as Austin's lawyers.
SSH demurred to the cross-complaint, contending that, in an action for legal malpractice, public policy prohibits a cross-complaint against plaintiff's subsequent lawyers. The trial court overruled the demurrer. SSH petitioned this court for a writ of mandate to compel the trial court to sustain their demurrer. We issued an order to show cause why the requested relief should not be granted.
DISCUSSION
In Copenbarger v. International Ins. Co. (1996) 46 Cal.App.4th 961, an action for malicious prosecution, we discussed the competing policies relating to a cross-complaint for indemnity filed in a legal malpractice action against successor lawyers. We noted: "The issue of whether a lawyer sued for malpractice may seek indemnity from a lawyer who subsequently represented the plaintiff-client vexed the courts for some time. Where it was contended the conduct of the successor lawyer contributed to plaintiff's loss, general rules of indemnity and contribution (see, e.g., Herrero v. Atkinson (1964) 227 Cal.App.2d 69, 75 [ ]) argue in favor of permitting cross-complaints or actions for contribution or indemnity by the original lawyer, now being sued. At least since American Motorcycle Assn. v. Superior Court (1978) 20 Cal.3d 578 [ ], our courts have enunciated the principle that `. . . liability for an indivisible injury caused by concurrent tortfeasors will be borne by each individual tortfeasor "in direct proportion to [his] respective fault."' ( Id. at p. 598.) American Motorcycle provided the procedural mechanism to permit one tortfeasor to obtain contribution from another who contributed to the damage by permitting a tort defendant either to file a cross complaint or a separate action for indemnity or contribution against another who allegedly contributed to the damage for which the defendant may be liable." ( Copenbarger, supra, at pp. 964-965.)
However, there are competing policies in the case of a lawyer sued for malpractice. Again, in Copenbarger we noted: "In the case of a lawyer sued for malpractice, however, there are policies which militate against permitting the assertion of indemnity and contribution claims against the successor lawyer. Since the successor lawyer frequently is the very lawyer representing plaintiff in the malpractice action, permitting such a claim to proceed would create conflicts for that lawyer in the malpractice action. The mere ability to pursue such a claim would thus give the lawyer being sued for malpractice a tactical weapon not available to defendants in other tort actions. Other policies militating against permitting such a cross complaint or suit for indemnity or contribution to proceed arise from the difficult problems posed by the lawyer's duty to protect the confidences of the client and arising out of the policies protecting the lawyer's work product. These conflicting policies resulted in a number of conflicting appellate decisions." ( Copenbarger v. International Ins. Co., supra, 46 Cal.4th at p. 965.)
In Copenbarger we concluded that, because of conflicting appellate decisions, a legal malpractice defendant filing an action for indemnity against the plaintiff's then lawyer could not be guilty of malicious prosecution. We held that the trial court did not err in determining that defendants had probable cause to institute and maintain such an action where the law was still unsettled. In reaching this conclusion, we noted that one case, " Parker v. Morton (1981) 117 Cal.App.3d 751, decided by the Fourth District (opn. by Kaufman, J.), held that a cause of action for indemnity and contribution could be asserted by the defendant lawyer against the successor lawyer." ( Copenbarger, supra, at pp. 965-966.) It was our view that, because Parker had never been overruled and the issue had never been decided by the California Supreme Court, we could not conclude as a matter of law that "no reasonable attorney would have thought the claim for indemnity against [the successor lawyers] to be tenable," ( id. at p. 966) the test for the absence of probable cause. (See, e.g., Sheldon Appel Co. v. Albert Oliker (1989) 47 Cal.3d 863, 886.)
Respondent here contends that, in holding there was probable cause for the filing of the indemnity action in Copenbarger, we endorsed the holding in Parker. We intended no such endorsement. Parker stands alone among a substantial number of cases. Every other case dealing with the subject concluded that the policies against permitting a claim of indemnity against the successor lawyer outweighed the policies favoring it. These cases include Major Clients Agency v. Diemer (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 1116; California State Auto. Assn. Inter-Ins. Bureau v. Bales (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 227; Lewis v. Purvin (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 1208; Holland v. Thacher (1988) 199 Cal.App.3d 924; Goldfisher v. Superior Court (1982) 133 Cal.App.3d 12; Pollack v. Lytle (1981) 120 Cal.App.3d 931; Rowell v. TransPacific Life Ins. Co. (1979) 94 Cal.App.3d 818; and Gibson, Dunn Crutcher v. Superior Court (1979) 94 Cal.App.3d 347.
We join this chorus and conclude that Parker v. Morton, supra, 117 Cal.App.3d 751 was erroneously decided. The trial court erred in overruling petitioner's demurrer.
DISPOSITION
The petition is granted. Let a writ of mandate issue directing the trial court to vacate its order overruling the demurrer of cross-defendants E. Gary Smith, David J. Harter and Smith, Smith Harter, LLP and enter a new order sustaining the demurrer. Petitioner shall recover their costs for these writ proceedings.
Sills, P. J., and Crosby, J., concurred.