Opinion
MI-028 A00A0623, A00A0622.
DECIDED: MAY 26, 2000.
Intentional infliction of emotional distress. Fulton Superior Court. Before Judge Bedford.
Louis Levenson, for appellants.
Webb, Carlock, Copeland, Semler Stair, Edward A. Miller, Jerome B. McNally, Serena L. Sparks, Rory K. Starkey, Karen E. Woodward, for appellees.
Lindsay Ashman sued Marshall's of MA, Inc. and an off-duty police officer it employed, Gary Broom, for intentional infliction of emotional distress for statements Broom made as Ashman and her friend Casey Harris exited a Marshall's store. The trial court granted summary judgment to both Marshall's and Broom on the ground that the statements did not rise to the level of outrageousness necessary to support the claim. The court denied Marshall's motion for summary judgment which had asserted that Broom's statements were made outside the scope of his duty as an in-store security guard. In Case No. A00A0622 Ashman appeals the grant of summary judgment to Marshall's and Broom; in Case No. A00A0623 Marshall's cross-appeals the denial of summary judgment on the alternative ground.
Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. "We review the grant or denial of a motion for summary judgment de novo, construing the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the nonmovant."
O.C.G.A. § 9-11-56 (c); Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491 ( 405 S.E.2d 474) (1991).
Bell v. Sasser, 238 Ga. App. 843, 844 ( 520 S.E.2d 287) (1999) (citation omitted); see McCoy v. Winn Dixie Stores, 238 Ga. App. 543 ( 519 S.E.2d 689) (1999).
Viewed in the light most favorable to Ashman, the evidence authorizes the following facts: Ashman and friend Casey Harris exited a Marshall's store and walked toward their automobile. Ashman suffers from ataxia as a result of a car accident, which causes her to have a shaky and unbalanced stride. As Ashman approached her car she stopped and wobbled in her walk. She unlocked the car from the passenger side and got in. In the parking lot uniformed off-duty police officer Gary Broom observed Ashman and Harris and approached. Broom asked Harris "Hey partner! What's going on here," pointing to Ashman, and Harris explained that she had been in a car accident. When Harris tried to explain Ashman's ailment to Broom he responded "don't feed me that sh___." Ashman, then sitting in the passenger side of the car, leaned over to open the door for Harris, and waved her handicapped parking permit so that Broom could see it. When Ashman displayed the permit, Broom responded "Hah man, she is all `fu____ up.'" Broom then stated "you've got to understand where I'm coming from," and walked away.
Ashman cried for most of the evening following the incident and instead of going to the mountains as planned, she instructed Harris to drive her home. She suffered damage to her self esteem, was embarrassed and humiliated, and had difficulty interacting socially. The experience has also hindered her ability to improve her limp.
Case No. A00A0622
1. Ashman contends that because Broom continued to use obscene language even though informed of her condition, this conduct was sufficiently extreme and outrageous to withstand summary judgment. The appellees argue that Broom's conduct does not rise to the requisite level of outrageousness to sustain a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress.
To prevail on a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, Ashman must demonstrate the following: (a) the conduct giving rise to the claim was intentional or reckless, (b) the conduct was extreme and outrageous, (c) the conduct caused the emotional distress, and (d) the emotional distress was severe. Whether the alleged conduct is sufficiently extreme or outrageous is a question of law for the trial court.
United Parcel Service v. Moore, 238 Ga. App. 376, 377 ( 519 S.E.2d 15) (1999); Trimble v. Circuit City Stores, 220 Ga. App. 498, 499 ( 469 S.E.2d 776) (1996); Bridges v. Winn-Dixie Atlanta, 176 Ga. App. 227, 230 (1) ( 335 S.E.2d 445) (1985).
Trimble, supra, 220 Ga. App. at 499; Bridges, supra, 176 Ga. App. at 230.
The rule of thumb in determining whether the conduct complained of was sufficiently extreme and outrageous is whether the recitation of the facts to an average member of the community would arouse her resentment against the defendant so that she would exclaim "Outrageous!"
Moore, supra, 238 Ga. App. at 377 (citation omitted).
Actionable conduct does not include insults, threats, indignities, annoyances, petty oppressions, or other vicissitudes of daily living, but must go beyond all reasonable bounds of decency so as to be regarded as atrocious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community. Factors include the existence of a relationship which one person has control over another, the actor's awareness of the victim's particular susceptibility, and the severity of the resultant harm. In all events, "major outrage in the language or conduct complained of is essential to the tort."
Id.; Peoples v. Guthrie, 199 Ga. App. 119, 121 (2) ( 404 S.E.2d 442) (1991).
Trimble, supra, 220 Ga. App. at 499-500.
Gordon v. Frost, 193 Ga. App. 517, 522 ( 388 S.E.2d 362) (1989) (citation and punctuation omitted); accord Jarrard v. United Parcel Service, 242 Ga. App. 58, 61 ( 529 S.E.2d 144) (2000).
Broom was satisfied with the explanation of Ashman's movement after he was shown the handicapped parking permit. Assuming he then stated "she is all fu____ up," and "you've got to understand where I'm coming from," we conclude these crass statements simply do not rise to the requisite level of major outrage.
Emotional distress inflicted by another is not an uncommon condition and includes all highly unpleasant mental reactions such as horror, fright, grief, shame, humiliation, embarrassment, anger, chagrin, disappointment, worry, and nausea. Although Broom's statements were harsh, inappropriate, rude, vulgar and unkind, we are constrained to find that his conduct does not meet the threshold of outrageousness and egregiousness necessary to sustain a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. "[M]ere tasteless, rude or insulting social conduct will not give rise to such a claim." Thus, the court did not err in granting summary judgment to both Marshall's and Broom.
Peoples, supra, 199 Ga. App. at 121 (2).
See Sossenko v. Michelin Tire Corp., 172 Ga. App. 771, 773 ( 324 S.E.2d 593) (1984); compare Sevcech v. Ingles Markets, 222 Ga. App. 221, 224 ( 474 S.E.2d 4) (1996) (jury issue on outrageousness where store patron was accused of shoplifting and assaulted and battered by store employee); Trimble, supra, 220 Ga. App. at 502 (supervisor's sexual harassment of employee including lewd statements reached necessary level of outrageousness).
Troncalli v. Jones, 237 Ga. App. 10, 15 (3) ( 514 S.E.2d 478) (1999) (citation and punctuation omitted); see Hendrix v. Phillips, 207 Ga. App. 394, 395 (1) ( 428 S.E.2d 91) (1993).
Case No. A00A0623
2. Marshall's asserts that the trial court erred in denying its motion for summary judgment on the ground that Broom made the statements outside the scope of his duty as an in-store security guard. In light of our holding in Case No. A00A0622, the cross-appeal in Case No. A00A0623 is moot. Judgment affirmed in Case Number A00A0622; Appeal dismissed in Case Number A00A0623. Pope, P.J. and Smith, P.J., concur.
O.C.G.A. § 5-6-48 (b) (3); Kubler v. Goerg, 197 Ga. App. 667, 671 (5) ( 339 S.E.2d 229) (1990).