Summary
holding Arista's competency was presumed, thereby implying that no judgment of incompetency existed prior to hearing
Summary of this case from Bradford v. StateOpinion
Nos. 04-98-00777-CR, 04-98-00778-CR, 04-98-00779-CR, 04-98-00807-CR
Filed July 14, 1999
Appeal from the 186th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas Trial Court Nos. 91-CR-5837, 94-CR-6213, 97-CR-4090, 91-CR-1996, Honorable Terry McDonald, Judge Presiding.
Sitting: Phil HARDBERGER, Chief Justice ALMA LÓPEZ, Justice, Paul W. GREEN, Justice.
DISMISSED IN PART AND AFFIRMED IN PART
The trial court granted the State's motion to revoke Jose Arista's deferred adjudication probation in three cases involving attempted arson, aggravated assault, and aggravated sexual assault of a child. Pursuant to a plea bargain in a fourth case, the court also found Arista guilty of aggravated assault. The trial court sentenced Arista to eight years confinement for the first three offenses and twelve years for the fourth offense, all to run concurrently. On appeal, Arista contends the trial court erred by failing to hold a competency hearing; he also challenges the voluntariness of his plea based on competency. We dismiss the first three appeals for lack of jurisdiction and affirm the judgment in the fourth appeal.
Jurisdiction
The State contends we have no jurisdiction to decide Arista's competency complaints in the first three cases. We agree.
The cases include trial court cause numbers 91-CR-1996 (appeal number 04-98-00807-CR), 91-CR-5837 (appeal number 04-98-00777-CR), and 94-CR-6213 (appeal number 04-98-00778-CR).
Generally, an appellant cannot appeal a trial court's decision to adjudicate guilt following deferred adjudication probation. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 5(b) (Vernon Supp. 1999). In Gilbert v. State, the Amarillo Court of Appeals held that a competency decision is not equivalent to the trial court's decision to adjudicate guilt and therefore may be raised on appeal. Gilbert v. State, 852 S.W.2d 623, 626 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1992, no pet.). The Court of Criminal Appeals, however, has suggested that any decision not related to the trial court's jurisdiction is intrinsically part of the trial court's decision to adjudicate guilt and is therefore not appealable. Connolly v. State, 983 S.W.2d 738, 741 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999). Given Connolly, we decline to follow Gilbert. Accordingly, we dismiss Arista's first three complaints for lack of jurisdiction.
Voluntary Plea
In his fourth case, Arista complains his guilty plea was involuntary because he was mentally incompetent at the time of the plea. We disagree.
Arista bears the burden of showing that his plea was involuntary. See Crawford v. State, 890 S.W.2d 941, 944 (Tex.App. — San Antonio 1994, no pet.). Because competence to enter a plea is presumed, Arista must show he lacked the ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding, or a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings against him. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 46.02, § 1 (Vernon 1989).
In July 1997, in conjunction with the other cases, Dr. Raymond Potterf found that Arista was competent to stand trial. He said Arista was able to communicate with his lawyer and assist his defense, although Arista suffered from substance abuse, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, and depression. A year later, in July 1998, Arista entered into the plea bargain in this case and signed written admonishments indicating that he was competent. The following month, at the sentencing hearing, Arista gave the trial court a pro se letter asking for a psychiatric examination. The court denied the request, based on the lucidity of the letter and the prior mental examination. Arista then said he had "never open[ed] to the psychiatrists that [had] seen me." Arista's attorney denied knowing whether Arista still had psychiatric problems and noted the presentence investigation report "didn't show that much about it."
Although Arista apparently suffered from a mental disease or defect, there is no indication that it affected his ability to communicate with counsel or understand the proceedings against him. In short, the evidence does not overcome the presumption that Arista was competent or his plea voluntary.
Conclusion
We dismiss the appeals in appellate cause numbers 04-98-00807-CR, 04-98-00777-CR, and 04-98-00778-CR for lack of jurisdiction. We affirm the trial court's judgment in appellate cause number 04-98-00779-CR.