Opinion
No. (AC 25970).
The plaintiff sought, by way of a replevin action, to recover possession of a certain show dog. Pursuant to an oral agreement of the parties, the dog's registration had been changed to reflect both the plaintiff and the defendant as its owners and the dog was placed in the custody of the plaintiff, who, for more than two years, cared for and retained possession of the dog. The plaintiff brought this action when the defendant failed to return the dog, which had been placed in the defendant's care for evaluation of a certain genetic condition. The trial court rendered judgment in favor of the plaintiff, from which the defendant appealed to this court. Held that the trial court properly rendered judgment for the plaintiff, its finding that the plaintiff had a right to immediate possession of the dog was supported by the evidence in the record and was not clearly erroneous; the defendant's claim that she had superior title to the dog because the plaintiff did not furnish adequate consideration for the dog was unavailing, it not being within the trial court's power to determine which party had superior title to the animal in this action for replevin, which involved a comparison of the superiority and inferiority of competing rights to possess the animal, and the evidence supported that court's determinations that the plaintiff had a possessory interest in the dog, that she had a right to immediate possession of the dog and that the defendant wrongfully had possessed the dog.
Argued May 25, 2005.
Officially released July 26, 2005.
Action in replevin to recover a certain dog in the defendant's possession, and for other relief, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of Danbury and tried to the court, Nadeau, J.; judgment for the plaintiff, from which the defendant appealed to this court. Affirmed.
Bernadette M. Keyes, for the appellant (defendant).
Peter N. Buzaid, for the appellee (plaintiff).
Opinion
The defendant, Shelia Oates, appeals from the judgment of the trial court rendered in favor of the plaintiff, Jan Angrave, in an action for the replevin of a show dog. On appeal, the defendant challenges the court's determination that the plaintiff holds a superior right to possess the animal. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Replevin is an action to recover goods or chattel. General Statutes § 52-515.
This case arises out of an oral agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant under which the defendant agreed to place Lady Catherine, her fourteen month old purebred Greater Swiss Mountain dog, in the custody of the plaintiff. In exchange, the plaintiff agreed to allow the defendant to select two puppies from the dog's first litter.
Once the agreement was made, the dog's registration was changed to reflect both the plaintiff and the defendant as the dog's owners. For more than two years, the plaintiff cared for and retained possession of the dog. During that time, the plaintiff maintained contact with the defendant, who, as a more experienced owner and breeder of show dogs, occasionally would assist her when various problems arose. As is standard practice with dogs of Lady Catherine's breed, hip X rays were performed once the dog reached an appropriate age for breeding. The X rays revealed that the dog suffered from hip dysplasia, a genetic condition considered undesirable when breeding for show or for reputable selling.
The plaintiff placed the dog in the defendant's care for her to evaluate the condition until more tests were performed. When the plaintiff requested that the defendant return the dog, the defendant refused and this action ensued. After the complaint was filed, but before this case came before the court, the defendant had the dog spayed without the plaintiff's knowledge or consent.
This case initially came to the court as a claim for a temporary injunction. Upon the agreement of both parties, the entire matter was litigated in full. The court found in favor of the plaintiff. The defendant now appeals.
We first set forth our standard of review. A court's finding of the right to immediate possession in a replevin action raises a question of fact. Robinson v. Atterbury, 135 Conn. 517, 522-23, 66 A.2d 593 (1949). We review questions of fact under the clearly erroneous standard. Therefore, the court's finding will be overturned only on a showing that "there is no evidence in the record to support it . . . or when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) ATC Partnership v. Windham, 268 Conn. 463, 479, 845 A.2d 389 (2004).
The defendant contends that the court should not have made a finding of replevin in favor of the plaintiff because the plaintiff never fulfilled her obligation to give the defendant two puppies, nor did she pay any money for the dog. According to the defendant, she has superior title to the dog because the plaintiff did not furnish adequate consideration for it. As the court noted, this is not a contract action and, thus, it is not within the court's power to determine which party has superior title to the animal. Rather, this is a replevin action, which involves a comparison of the superiority and inferiority of competing rights to possess the animal. See Polivy v. Air One, Inc., 46 Conn. App. 573, 575, 700 A.2d 71, cert. denied, 243 Conn. 937, 702 A.2d 644 (1997).
We note, as did the court, that it was the defendant's own act, that of spaying Lady Catherine, on which she bases her argument that the plaintiff is unable to perform on the contract. Cf. Bono v. McCutcheon, 159 Ohio App. 3d 571, 824 N.E.2d 1013 (2005) (in action alleging both breach of contract and replevin, written agreement to exchange show dog for future puppy, assuming that dog was to be of breeding quality, found to be valid consideration at time of agreement, regardless of whether puppy actually was furnished).
In Connecticut, an action of replevin is purely statutory in nature. Cornelio v. Stamford Hospital, 246 Conn. 45, 49, 717 A.2d 140 (1998). General Statutes § 52-515 provides that "[t]he action of replevin may be maintained to recover any goods or chattels in which the plaintiff has a general or special property interest with a right to immediate possession and which are wrongfully detained from him in any manner, together with the damages for such wrongful detention."
The record contains ample support for the court's judgment in favor of the plaintiff. It found that the plaintiff had a possessory interest in the dog, a chattel, as evidenced from the dog's registration naming both the plaintiff and the defendant as her owners. The court was persuaded that the plaintiff had a right to immediate possession of the dog by (1) the period during which the plaintiff had possessed and cared for the dog (which exceeded two years and had constituted the majority of the dog's lifetime) and (2) the plaintiff's exclusive payment for all of the dog's care, entry into shows and medical treatments during that period. The court's determination that the defendant wrongfully had possessed the dog is supported by the finding that the defendant had retained possession of the dog when neither party had ever contemplated that the dog would be returned to the defendant. We conclude, therefore, that the court's finding that the plaintiff had a right to immediate possession of the dog is supported by the record and was not clearly erroneous.
The defendant also maintains that the court should have considered the best interest of the dog as a factor in its analysis. A claim of replevin does not involve the best interest of the dog, which is a chattel under General Statutes § 22-350 ("[a]ll dogs are deemed to be personal property").
Although there is a dispute as to whether the parties contemplated a contingency plan in the event that the dog was unable to be bred responsibly, the court found that neither the defendant nor the plaintiff considered the possibility that the dog would ever be returned to the permanent custody of the defendant.