Opinion
20-13435
06-10-2021
TRIDINA DENISE ALLEN, o/b/o B.S.A., a minor Plaintiffs, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY, Defendant.
HON. TERRENCE G. BERG DISTRICT JUDGE
ORDER
PATRICIA T. MORRIS, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
I. RECOMMENDATION
For the reasons set forth below, IT IS RECOMMENDED that this case be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE for Plaintiff's failure to prosecute under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b) and Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule 41.2.
II. REPORT
A. Background
Plaintiff Tridina Denise Allen, on behalf of her daughter B.S.A. and proceeding pro se, filed suit against the Commissioner of Social Security on December 17, 2020, seeking review of the denial of her application for benefits under the Social Security Act. (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff applied to proceed without prepaying fees or costs (also known as in forma pauperis (“IFP”)) (ECF No. 2), and this Court granted that application. (ECF No. 5.) On the same day the application was granted, this Court issued summonses to be served on the Commissioner. (ECF No. 6.) Service was Plaintiff's responsibility: Under Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(c)(1), plaintiffs generally must serve the summons; plaintiffs proceeding IFP are entitled to have court officers serve process, such as the summons. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d). At a plaintiff's request, “the court may order that service [of process] be made by a United States marshal or deputy marshal or by a person specially appointed by the court, ” and must do so for IFP plaintiffs. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(c)(3).
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), E.D. Mich. LR 72.1(b)(3), and by Notice of Reference (ECF No. 3), this case was referred to the undersigned.
Service of the summons must be accomplished “within 90 days after the complaint is filed” or later for good cause shown. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m). But Plaintiff has not served the summons or provided the necessary documents to the Clerk's Office for service by the U.S. Marshal. (ECF No. 8.) Approximately five months after the Court issued the summons, it remains unserved, and the Court issued a show cause order directing Plaintiff to explain why the case should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute under E.D. Mich. R. 41.2. (ECF No. 8.) A response was required by April 29, 2021. (Id.) Plaintiff sought an extension of the deadline to respond to the Order, which was granted (ECF No. 9.) The extended deadline was set for May 10, 2021. Still, no response was provided.
Under Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m), the 90-day time limit for serving process (including the summons issued by the court) runs from the filing of the complaint. “But district courts cannot issue summonses in in forma pauperis prisoner cases until after screening the complaint for frivolousness and other defects under 20 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e) and 1915(A).” Jackson v. Herrington, 393 Fed.Appx. 348, 353 (6th Cir. 2010). The evident problem is that a court's screening process will cut into, or wholly exceed, the 90-day limit. Some courts, relying on local rules that have no apparent analogue in ours, have held that the 90-day clock runs from the grant of IFP status, under the theory that a complaint is not filed (for these purposes) until it is received and either a filing fee is paid or the IFP status is granted. See, e.g., Robinson v. America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses, 876 F.3d 596, 598 (7th Cir. 1989) (noting the local rules deemed a pleading filed when it was received and the fee was paid or IFP status granted, and holding that for purposes of the time limit, “summons need not be issued and service had until after the denial of in forma pauperis status and the fixing of a new time for the payment of filing fees”); Heenan v. Network Pub., Inc., 181 F.R.D. 540, 543-44 (N.D.Ga. 1998) (noting similar local rules and holding that “the entry date of the order permitting a plaintiff to proceed in forma pauperis is the date from which the period for service should be calculated”). The Sixth Circuit has suggested that the delay in issuing the summons, occasioned by IFP screening, provides “good cause” under Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m) for serving the summons past the time limit. See Jackson, 393 Fed.Appx. 353-54. The issue need not be investigated further here because Plaintiff did not just serve the summons late; she has never served it.
B. Dismissal is Appropriate Under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b)
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) grants federal courts the authority to dismiss a case for “failure of the plaintiff to prosecute or to comply with these rules or any order of the court ....” Fed R. Civ. P. 41(b). Local Rule 41.2 mirrors the federal rule, providing that “the parties have taken no action for a reasonable time, the court may, on its own motion after reasonable notice or on application of a party, enter an order dismissing or remanding the case unless good cause is shown.” E.D. Mich. R. 41.2.
Dismissal for failure to prosecute is “available to the district court as a tool to effect ‘management of its docket and avoidance of unnecessary burdens on the tax-supported courts [and] opposing parties.'” Knoll v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., 176 F.3d 359, 363 (6th Cir. 1999) (quoting Matter of Sanction of Baker, 744 F.2d 1438, 1441 (10th Cir. 1984)). “Not only may a district court dismiss for want of prosecution upon motion of a defendant, but it may also sua sponte dismiss an action whenever necessary to ‘achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.'” Anthony v. Marion Co. Gen. Hosp., 617 F.2d 1164, 1167 (5th Cir. 1980) (quoting Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 631 (1962)).
The Sixth Circuit has established four factors in determining whether a case should be dismissed for want of prosecution pursuant to Rule 41(b):
(1) whether the party's failure is due to willfulness, bad faith, or fault; (2) whether the adversary was prejudiced by the dismissed party's conduct; (3) whether the dismissed party was warned that failure to cooperate could lead to dismissal; and (4) whether less drastic sanctions were imposed or considered before dismissal of the action.Saulsberry v. Holloway, 622 Fed.Appx. 542, 545 (6th Cir. 2015) (quotation omitted). “Although typically none of the factors is outcome dispositive, it is said that a case is properly dismissed by the district court where there is a clear record of delay or contumacious conduct.” Knoll, 176 F.3d at 363.
Applying these factors here, the first supports dismissal. And, as explained above, Plaintiff disregarded the deadline imposed by the show cause order and by the extended deadline. Almost five months have elapsed since the summons issued, and despite the Court's order, Plaintiff has failed to explain why service could not be made. Plaintiff's failure to execute her duties or comply with the Court's order evidences at least fault, if not also willfulness or bad faith. She has failed to comply with Court orders. (ECF No. 8.)
It is true that when a plaintiff is proceeding pro se, his or her filings and arguments are liberally construed in his or her favor. Franklin v. Rose, 765 F.2d 82, 84-85 (6th Cir. 1985). Indeed, “[w]here, as here, the Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, the Court considers that such a litigation ‘may be entitled to some latitude when dealing with sophisticated legal issues, acknowledging their lack of formal training[.]'” Brinkley v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 14-13560, 2015 WL 1637598, at *2 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 13, 2015) (quoting Jourdan v. Jabe, 951 F.2d 108, 109 (6th Cir. 1991)). However, “‘there is no cause for extending this margin to straightforward procedural requirements that a layperson can comprehend as easily as a lawyer.'” Id.; see also Morley v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 12-14653, 2013 WL 2051326, at *1 (E.D. Mich. May 14, 2013) (dismissing a pro se litigant's case with prejudice); Bunting v. Hansen, No. 05-10116-BC, 2007 WL 1582236, at *2 (E.D. Mich. May 31, 2007) (“[T]he Court must . . . balance the defendant's right to a fair and timely resolution of the litigation, and therefore pro se litigants are not to be accorded any special consideration when they fail to adhere to readily-comprehended court deadlines.”).
The second factor, prejudice to Defendant, does not support dismissal. It is not clear that Defendant even knows this case exists, and because such appeals are decided based on the administrative record, see 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), there is minimal danger of pertinent records being lost. As to the third factor, Plaintiff was warned that her case could be dismissed, which supports dismissal. (ECF No. 8.)
The final factor is whether a lesser sanction would suffice. I conclude it would not. Softer penalties have been imposed when a plaintiff has failed to serve process, so that the attorney's sins are not visited upon the client. See, e.g., Harper v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 16-11428, 2017 WL 3116279, at *2-3 (E.D. Mich. 2016). However, considering that Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, she cannot place blame on counsel-Plaintiff has been absent from this case since his initial filing in January 2020, several months ago, except for requesting an extension to which she did not respond. (ECF No. 9.) Plaintiff has been warned that her continued absence could result in dismissal. (ECF No. 8.) It is unclear that a sanction less than dismissal would have any impact. In light of the above factors, I suggest this case is suitable for dismissal under Rule 41(b).
Further, caselaw supports dismissal. Many courts have dismissed cases for failure to prosecute when a plaintiff has failed to serve process. See, e.g., Devlin v. Comm'r of 5 Soc. Sec., No. 08-13064, 2009 WL 3199017, at *1-2 (E.D. Mich. 2009) (dismissing case for failure to prosecute due to the plaintiff's failure to serve the Commissioner); see also Europacific Asset Mgmt. Corp. v. Tradescape, Corp., 233 F.R.D. 344, 351 (S.D. N.Y. 2005) (“It is unquestioned that an ‘unreasonable' delay in serving process can constitute a failure to prosecute.” (collecting cases)); 9 Wright & Miller, FED. PRAC. & PROC. CIV. § 2370 (3d ed., 2018 update) (“The plaintiff's failure to exercise diligence in serving a defendant with process after suit has been filed has been held to justify dismissal for want of prosecution.”). Dismissals also have been upheld for roughly equivalent forms of inaction. See, e.g., Wilson, 2018 WL 304330, at *1 (recommending dismissal where plaintiff failed to file a motion for summary judgment or show cause for the failure), rep. & rec. adopted, 2018 WL 3036406 (E.D. Mich. 2018); Metzger v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 13-13842, 2014 WL 5782716, at *1-2 (E.D. Mich. 2014) (dismissing case where plaintiff failed to file a motion for summary judgment or show cause for the failure); Ewing v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 14-10960, 2014 WL 5605413, at *1 (E.D. Mich. 2014) (recommending dismissal in the same circumstances), rep. & rec. adopted, 2014 WL 5605521 (E.D. Mich. 2014); Frazier v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 10-15120, 2012 WL 760799, at *1 (E.D. Mich. 2012) (same), rep. & rec. adopted, 2012 WL 760805 (E.D. Mich. 2012).
In short, the caselaw supports dismissal where a plaintiff has failed to serve process or take other similar steps.
C. Conclusion
For the reasons stated above, the Court RECOMMENDS that Plaintiff's complaint (ECF No. 1) be DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE for failure to prosecute pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b).
III. REVIEW
Pursuant to Rule 72(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “[w]ithin 14 days after being served with a copy of the recommended disposition, a party may serve and file specific written objections to the proposed findings and recommendations. A party may respond to another party's objections within 14 days after being served with a copy.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b)(2). See also 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Failure to file specific objections constitutes a waiver of any further right of appeal. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 106 S.Ct. 466, 88 L.Ed.2d 435 (1985); Howard v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 932 F.2d 505 (6th Cir. 1991); United States v. Walters, 638 F.2d 947 (6th Cir. 1981). The parties are advised that making some objections, but failing to raise others, will not preserve all the objections a party may have to this Report and Recommendation. Willis v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 931 F.2d 390, 401 (6th Cir. 1991); Smith v. Detroit Fed'n of Teachers Local 231, 829 F.2d 1370, 1373 (6th Cir. 1987). Pursuant to E.D. Mich. LR 72.1(d)(2), a copy of any objections is to be served upon this magistrate judge.
Any objections must be labeled as “Objection No. 1, ” “Objection No. 2, ” etc. Any objection must recite precisely the provision of this Report and Recommendation to which it pertains. Not later than 14 days after service of an objection, the opposing party may file a concise response proportionate to the objections in length and complexity. Fed.R.Civ. P. 72(b)(2); E.D. Mich. LR 72.1(d). The response must specifically address each issue raised in the objections, in the same order, and labeled as “Response to Objection No. 1, ” “Response to Objection No. 2, ” etc. If the Court determines that any objections are without merit, it may rule without awaiting the response.