Summary
In Ala. G. S. R. Co. v. Bell, 200 Ala. 562, 76 So.2d 920, it was held that one who, while at a railroad station waiting to take passage on a train, voluntarily gets on the track or dangerously near thereto, without stopping, looking or listening, is not only guilty of negligence, but may become a trespasser; but that under the evidence in that case it was a question for the jury to determine whether or not the plaintiff was a passenger at the time and place of the injury, and whether or not she was guilty of contributory negligence.
Summary of this case from Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. v. WebbOpinion
6 Div. 573.
November 15, 1917.
Appeal from Circuit Court, Jefferson County; J. C. B. Gwin, Judge.
A. G. E. D. Smith, of Birmingham, for appellant. Goodwyn Ross, of Bessemer, for appellee.
This cause was submitted to the jury on counts 1 and 2. Count 1 charges the injury of the plaintiff to the negligence of the defendant's servants in the operation of one of its trains which ran over or against her. It was open for the jury to find that the engineer in charge was guilty of negligence as to the speed at which the train was going when approaching the depot, and at the time said train collided with plaintiff, and that said negligence was the proximate cause of the injury. There was proof that the train was approaching at a rate of speed of from 15 to 20 miles an hour, that the passageway at the station was "bulging" and crowded, and that this condition could have been seen a considerable distance, had the engineer kept a lookout; and, if he saw these conditions, it was open to the jury to find that he should have at least slowed up to a greater extent than he did, so as to have his train under better control when reaching the point where the plaintiff was injured. Or, if he did not keep a lookout, he may have been guilty of negligence in not doing so at the place in question — that is, when going through the city of Bessemer and in approaching a populous station; and the jury could have inferred initial negligence from this conduct, independent of any statute or ordinance. E. T. V. Ga. R. R. Co. v. Deaver, 79 Ala. 216; L. N. R. R. Co. v. Webb, 97 Ala. 311, 12 So. 374; Perdue v. L. N. R. R. Co., 100 Ala. 539, 14 So. 366. It may therefore be conceded that the engineer did not discover the actual danger of the plaintiff until he says he did, and that he did all things known to skillful engineers to avoid injuring her after so discovering her peril, and that he was not, therefore guilty of subsequent negligence, yet there was enough evidence to take the case to the jury as to simple initial negligence. The jury could not only have inferred that the engineer was guilty of negligence as to the rate of speed, but that such negligence was the proximate cause of the injury; that, had the train been approaching at a lower and proper speed, it would have been under better control when the engineer did see the plaintiff, and he could have either stopped or so slowed it as to avoid injuring the plaintiff; or that, if the train was going slower at the time, the witness Thomas who attempted to get the plaintiff out of danger, would have had time to have done so.
We think that it was also a question for the jury as to whether or not the plaintiff was a passenger at the place and time of injury, and whether or not she was guilty of contributory negligence. She knew of the approach of the train, or, if she did not, and voluntarily got upon the track or dangerously near thereto without stopping, looking, and listening, she was not only guilty of negligence, but may have become a trespasser for the time being, notwithstanding she was, in fact, a passenger. But there was proof that she did not get within the zone of danger through any voluntary act of her own; that she was crowded or pushed too near the track by the rush and collision of the crowd upon the approach of the train; and, if this was true, she did not lose her relationship of passenger, so as to become a trespasser, and was not guilty of contributory negligence. Neither was she guilty of negligence, as matter of law, in not remaining seated in the waiting room until the train got in and stopped, or in going out to the passageway for the purpose of boarding the train before it arrived and stopped. The trial court did not err in refusing the defendant's requested general charge as to count 1.
Count 2 is evidently predicated upon negligence in regard to the station, or as to the handling of the crowd upon the occasion in question, and is so worded as to render a correct interpretation of same rather difficult. While it charges that the depot was near the track, and the passageway was so narrow as to place persons using same in dangerous proximity to the trains when there was a large number of passengers, as was the case upon the occasion in question, this is no averment of a defect or inadequacy of the depot and passageway generally, or that it was inherently dangerous under ordinary conditions; but, if it did, the proof did not support such an averment. The count, after stating the conditions above alluded to, charges that the proximate negligence consisted of a failure to "exercise due care and skill to make said passageway safe and suitable for the passage of plaintiff, as such passenger on the occasion aforesaid." In other words, the complaint seems to charge negligence only upon this particular occasion in not making special provision for the safety of this plaintiff, by either extending or enlarging its passageway in anticipation of a crowd, or to make the said passageway safe upon the occasion in question by so controlling or handling the waiting passengers as to render the passageway safe. There is no proof that conditions were so abnormal as to require special action of the defendant's servants upon the occasion in question, or that they had reasonable grounds for anticipating or foreseeing that there would be a rush and collision between the passengers, whereby the plaintiff would be shoved or pushed upon the track, so as to render them guilty of negligence for this unforeseen and unexpected collision. From aught that appears, the depot was adequate and the passageway safe for the general and ordinary accommodation and handling of passengers, and there is no proof that the occasion in question was of such an extraordinary character as to call for extra cautionary measures on the part of the defendant's servants. Indeed, if the plaintiff was shoved into a place of danger, it was due to the unanticipated and unforeseen collision between the passengers — a mere accidental occurrence, not due to neglect of the defendant's servants, or to any unsafe or inadequate condition of the depot and passageway for the general and ordinary accommodation of passengers. The trial court erred in refusing the defendant's requested general charge as to count 2.
The trial court should have given the defendant's charge on page 19 of the record, which we number 10. If the plaintiff was struck as the sole and proximate result of being forced too near the track by other passengers, this would exclude any negligence in the operation of the train; for, if her being pushed there was the sole proximate cause of injury, then negligence on the part of the engineer could not have caused or contributed to the injury.
There was no error in refusing defendant's charge, numbered 13 on page 19 of the record, and the reason therefor is fully given in the discussion of the refusal of the general charge as to count 1. So, also, was charge 15, page 20 of the record, properly refused, as it was a question for the jury as to whether or not the plaintiff was guilty of negligence in going upon or in dangerous proximity to the track.
The trial court erred in permitting the plaintiff to introduce her cloak and shoes in evidence. They had no bearing upon the controverted issues, and only tended to inflame or prejudice the jury. The only possible bearing that they could have had was to possibly show that she had been injured, which fact was uncontroverted, as well as the nature and extent of her injuries. Rollins v. State, 160 Ala. 82, 49 So. 329; Pearson's Case, 97 Ala. 219, 12 So. 176.
We are not prepared to say that the trial court committed reversible error in permitting the witness Parsons to testify where he saw blood upon the track early the next morning after the accident at the place where the plaintiff was injured. The examination by him was so soon after the injury as to authorize an inference that conditions had not changed, in the absence of evidence showing a change, and the location of the blood had a bearing upon the exact point where the plaintiff was struck, or how far she was knocked, and upon the rate of speed the train was going when it hit her.
The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause is remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
McCLELLAN, SAYRE, and GARDNER, JJ., concur.