Opinion
February 28, 1983
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Onondaga County, Balio, J.
Present — Dillon, P.J., Callahan, Denman, Boomer and Schnepp, JJ.
Order unanimously modified and, as modified, affirmed, with costs to petitioner, in accordance with the following memorandum: After failing to assert his rights for over 14 years, petitioner brought a motion to enforce that part of a 1967 divorce decree which required that respondent execute and deliver to him a deed to their former marital residence. Special Term erred in denying the motion on the grounds that petitioner waived his rights by his inaction and failure to seek enforcement in a prior proceeding, and that he has "unclean hands" because he failed to comply with that part of the decree which required him to provide health insurance. Rights under a decree may be waived (see Axelrad v. Axelrad, 285 App. Div. 903, 904, affd 309 N.Y. 687; Rehill v. Rehill, 281 App. Div. 855, 856, revd on other grounds 306 N.Y. 126), but waiver is not created by "[n]egligence, oversight, or thoughtlessness" (21 N.Y. Jur, Estoppel, Ratification, and Waiver, § 95, p 134) and "cannot be inferred from mere silence" (21 N.Y. Jur, Estoppel, Ratification, and Waiver, § 94, p 133; see, also, Morris v. Morris, 74 A.D.2d 490, 493). Although petitioner's failure to seek prior enforcement may well have been due to negligence and oversight his mere silence and inaction do not signify a surrender of his rights (see O'Connor v Collins, 239 N.Y. 457, 462). Moreover, the earlier proceeding concerned only petitioner's compliance with other portions of the decree and was unrelated to the present relief which he seeks. Further, the "unclean hands" doctrine is applicable only "when the conduct relied on is directly related to the subject matter in litigation and the party seeking to invoke the doctrine was injured by such conduct". ( Weiss v. Mayflower Doughnut Corp., 1 N.Y.2d 310, 316; see, also, 20 N.Y. Jur [rev ed], Equity, § 110.) It is undisputed that petitioner purchased respondent's interest in the premises and complied with all the decretal conditions relating to the transfer of the real property. Consequently, he is entitled to have that interest deeded to him. Respondent is directed to execute and deliver to petitioner a deed to the premises in accordance with the divorce decree.