212 F.2d 919 (2d Cir. 1954) Cited 130 times
In Parrino, a 1954 decision cited by the Majority, we observed that criminal convictions can carry consequences like deportation that have "terrific impact" but that do not "directly flow[]" from a judgment, and we suggested that defendants have no constitutional right to be apprised by counsel of such collateral consequences before entering a guilty plea, no matter how "surprised" they may be by those consequences.